328 THE PLOVERS 



a return journey from the north-east of Ireland to the west of Scotland. There is 

 also a south-easterly emigration from Wexford at the end of February : the autumn 

 counterpart of this movement has not been recorded, and it is also uncertain whether 

 it is English or Continental birds that participate. 



(9) Spring Immigration from Southern Europe. This movement is the counter- 

 part of the southward movements mentioned under (4), (5), and (6), but it is very 

 inconspicuous. It occurs in the latter half of March. 



(9a) Spring Return to Ireland. From late February to early April lapwings 

 are recorded crossing from the south of England in a north-westerly direction to 

 the south-east of Ireland, although no corresponding south-easterly migrations 

 have been noted in either autumn or spring. It will be remarked that lapwings 

 cross the Irish Channel at the end of February in two opposing directions 

 (cf. (9) ). 



(10 and 11) Passage and Emigration to North-Western Europe. This combined 

 movement begins at the end of February or the beginning of March, and lasts till 

 the middle of April, after which only stragglers are noted on migration. The move- 

 ments affect both coasts of Great Britain and also the Northern Isles ; a certain 

 amount of overland crossing also takes place. 



(12) (Emigration to the East). A counterpart of (3) and (7) doubtless exists, 

 but has not yet been recorded. 



Little can be added to this statement from other sources of information. A 

 point it leaves unsettled is the extent to which British and Continental-bred 

 birds respectively participate in the southward emigratory movements. Bird- 

 marking may in time provide an answer to the question : a few interesting records 

 are already available, and may be briefly cited. The following are the dates and 

 localities of the subsequent recovery of lapwings marked as young in the north-east 

 of Scotland (Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire) in the summer of 1910 (cf. 

 Thomson, British Birds, vol. v. p. 99 ; etc.) : 



Oct. (?) 1910, 20 miles N. of Oporto, Portugal. 



About 18 Nov. 1910, Thurles, Co. Tipperary, Ireland. 



About 22 Nov. 1910, Frenchpark, Co. Roscommon, Ireland. 



29 Dec. 1910, Elvas, Alemtejo, Southern Portugal. 



About 5 Feb. 1911, Mitchelstown, Co. Cork, Ireland. 



13 Feb. 1911, Croagh, Co. Limerick, Ireland. 



About 1 Jan. 1912, Grangemore, Co. Roscommon, Ireland. 



