704 I>R- CHASE'S RECIPES. 



renew the pasture, and then the extra food (the author -n ould say only ^ths of 

 it) can be discontinued. He closes as follows: "We have known many who have 

 used an extra ration similar to this during short pasture, and never found one 

 who reported it unprofitable. The ration may be varied to suit all circum- 

 stances. Corn meal will be found cheap in some localities; but it is always 

 best to mix some bran with it; and in most parts of all our broad dairy belt 

 bran will be found the cheapest extra food to make up for short pasture. 



Remarks. — Of course, any other class of feed can be chosen according to 

 what is found in the market of the different sections of our great country 

 — coarse middlings, shorts, etc. Then some millers mix all grades together, 

 and in the Eastern States it is known as "mill stuffs," while the Westerner and 

 Southerner know this mixture as " ship stuffs," " mill feed," etc. But I should 

 prefer to hxxy them separate, then you know exactly what you are feeding. 

 See "Milk — To Increase the Flow in Cows," and the remarks following it, for 

 what many claim to be the best mixture for this purpose. The importance of 

 the various roots, more especially as winter feed, will be seen below; also, for 

 the value of parsnips for milch cows see close of remarks after " Carrots, 

 Parsnips, Beets, etc.," below. I must be allowed to state here that Mr. O. W. 

 Wanger, a dairyman of Illinois, says: "For ground feed for milch cows an 

 effort is made to combine the elements that will produce the largest flow of 

 milk and at the same time keep the cow in good condition, but not too fat. 

 And it is found one part (equal parts) each of com meal, ground oats and bran 

 will bring the best results." [This is the "Best Food" referred to above, and 

 hence is confirmatory of that recipe.] "And," he adds, "with these con- 

 veniences, good hay, this ground feed, good water and good care a cow yields 

 as much milk during 6 months in winter as in summer, when the cow feeds on 

 grass." And he recommends a little grain all summer. This, I suppose, refers 

 to the ground feed above, for he adds: "When the milker is to milk a cow he 

 first feeds her and then sits down to milk. The result is, the cow stands quiet, 

 gives her milk at once and the flow is increased." He also recommends sowed 

 corn to help the cows in dry times of the summer. Very important points, I 

 know, from what I have seen done by others. He does not say whether his 

 parts are to be by weight or measure, but I think he means by measure, as that 

 is the common way unless weight is mentioned. 



"Winter Feeding of Cows, Horses and All Other Stock— The 

 Importance of Roots or Oil Meal, etc., for.— It is a great change for 

 cattle, horses, sheep, etc. , from a pasture where there is plenty of grass, and 

 also plenty of exercise, to the stable or even a barn-yard, where comparatively 

 there is neither grass nor exercise ; but the milch cows will show it the quickest 

 by the shortness in quantity of milk given, unless some of the succulent roots 

 or oil meal are given at once to make up for the change from grass to dry hay. 

 Then, again, dry hay, oats, corn or cornmeal have a tendency to produce cost- 

 iveness, and hence the importance of some of the roots or oil meal to be given 

 directly to avoid the probability of costiveness becoming thoroughly established. 

 People eat oatmeal or cornmeal mush, corn bread, apples, peaches, berries, etc., 

 for this very purpose; why should it, then, not be as necessary for stock a*, for 



