Aves. 1 37 



distance of about 2000 yards, the school nearest the ship were leaping 

 and diving noisily ; on a croak from the leader this noisy sport 

 instantly ceased, and the whole school swam quietly along for several 

 minutes ; in response to another and slightly altered croak, the 

 leaping and diving recommenced ; and on a third croak, the whole 

 school disappeared in a prolonged dive. 



" On the evening of the same day we saw on a piece of ice, some 

 eio-ht or ten miles to the south-east, about forty black-throated 

 Penguins grouped round a pair of large Penguins of a different 

 species, possibly identical with those that had directed the schools. 

 One of these was preserved, and is an Emperor Penguin in young 

 plumage. On the same piece of ice was a Cliionis and a Seal. It 

 was found over and over again, from inspection of the Seal's stomach, 

 that the Penguins form the main portion of their diet, but at the 

 same time the Penguins while on the ice show no fear of the Seals ; 

 and it is, therefore, probable that they are captured while in the 

 water or during the night. The Seals mostly come upon the ice 

 about nine o'clock in the morning, and leave it to feed about seven 

 in the evening. 



" Three Penguin rookeries were seen in Joinville Land. Two of 

 these were not visited ; the other, a very large one, belonged to this 

 species, and was situated on the north shore of the new inlet named 

 by Captain Eobertson the Firth of Tay, in lat. 63° 16' S., long. 55° 53' W. 



1 had not the good fortune to land upon this rookery. According to 

 the boat's crew who did so, the birds were in countless multitudes ; 

 the nests were crowded together in blocks formed by pathways 

 running nearly at right angles to one another, and the birds were 

 uniformly of the same species. Two eggs from the rookery measured 



2 • 5 by 2 inches, and 2*6 by 2-1 inches. 



" The cry is seldom heard, and mostly at night or when the birds 

 are disturbed ; it is a short, rather harsh ' quaugk,' Among them- 

 selves, when undisturbed, they make a gentle crooning sound. Their 

 food consists mainly of a rather large red shrimp, or rather Schizopod, 

 of the genus Euphausia, and the stomachs frequently contained a 

 number of pebbles. 



" The black-throated Penguin was seen as far south as lat. 64° 50', 

 and I have no doubt extended much farther. Within thirty miles of 

 the land they were fairly numerous, but at a greater distance from 

 shore, even in the midst of abundant ice of the same character, they 

 became scarce, and only very few were seen ninety miles from the 

 land." 



The eggs of the Adelia Penguin are of a chalky nature, white 



