

SPONGIIIiA. 371 



a. Papers, describing about 70 species from Ceylon, by Carter 

 (' Annals and Magazine of Natural History,' ser. 5, vol. vi. pp. 35, 



12'.), viii. p. 361, xi. p. 353); one by Ehlers (Die Esperschen 

 Spongien &c), redescribing 4 species from Ceylon and South India; 

 and one by Bowerbank, describing a few from Ceylon (Proceedings 

 of the Zoological Society of London, 1873, p. 25). 



b. A paper, describing 4 or 5 species from .Mauritius, by Carter 

 (Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 5, vol. iii. pp. 284, 343). 



c. Descriptions of 3 species from the Red Sea, by Carter (torn, 

 cit. p. 298) and Bowerbank ( Proc. Zool. Soc. 1872, p. '630). 



</. Papers by Bowerbank, describing 17 species from the Straits 

 of Malacca (Proc. Zool. Soc. ISO!), p. 325 ; 1875, p. 281). 



e. A paper by the same author, describing 3 species from the 

 north of 2s*ew Guinea (oj>. cit. I,s77, p. 456). 



/. A paper by Carter (Philosoph. Transactions Royal Society, 

 vol. 1 08. p. 280), describing 8 species from Kerguelen Island. 



The Calcarea of this region have received considerable attention 

 from Prof. Haekel in his famous monograph ; and a pupil of his 

 (Schuffncr) has described (Jenaische Zeitseh. 1878) some species 

 collected at Mauritius. The 'Challenger' collection (?. c. p. 300) pro- 

 duced species from the Indian Ocean. 



I propose here only to notice some of the most salient facts of the 

 distribution, the known distribution of the species being given below 

 under each. 



Of the 110 species described below, only 27 species (25 per cent.; 

 are known with certainty to occur outside the Australian seas. 

 Of these :— 



a. One, Leucetta primigenia, is almost cosmopolitan. 



b. Four, viz. Reniera indistincta, Gellius coucJii, Suberites carnosus, 

 Hymeniacidon caruncida, occur in the British seas. 



c. Pive, viz. Euspongia officinalis, Cacospongia mollior, Reniera 

 aquceductus, Tedania digitata, Gellius Jib ulat us, occur in the Mediter- 

 ranean, the last also on the Portuguese coast. 



d. Three, viz. Cladoclialina armigera, Acervochalina ji nitima, Te- 

 dania digitata, in the West Indies. 



e. One, viz. Cladochalina pergamentacea, near the Brazilian coast. 

 /. One, viz. Siphonochalina tubulosa, is known from the Cape of 



Good Hope. 



g. Three, viz. Tubulodigitus communis, Spirastrella vagabunda, 

 Geodia globostellifera, from Ceylon ; the first also from Kurrachee. 



h. Fourteen (comprising 4 Ceratosa, 1 or 2 each of Calcarea, 

 Tetractinellida, and of each family of the Monactinellida except the 

 Suberitidse) from the tropical parts of the Western Indian Ocean 

 (see Part II. of this Report). 



i. Six, viz. Toxoclialina folioides, Gellius couchi, G. varius, Rhi- 

 zochalina singaporensis, Iotrochotapurpurea,Olaihriafrondif»ra, from 

 the Straits of Malacca. 



j. One, viz. To.vochali na folioides, from New Guinea. 



It should be noticed that the most widely ranging forms belong 

 inmost cases to very generalized types, such as might be expected to 

 possess considerable antiquitv, and hence a wide distribution. Another 



2b 2 



