55 



296. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA, continued. 



Note. The above specimens are those described in Per. Mat. Med., 

 vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 68. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plantt, tab. 145. 



h. Brown ipecacuanha root. 



t. Carthagena or New Granada ipecacuanha, 1873. 

 Note. Specimen i appears to be identical with the grey annulated 

 ipecacuanha of Pereira. It is larger and less annulated than the ordinary 

 kind. Pharmacographia, p. 331, 334. The term poaya is applied to many 

 emetic roots in Brazil. For micr. sect, of root, see Berg, Anat. Atlas, 

 taf. vii. For fig. of root, see Martins, Specim. Mat. Med. Bra$il., tab. 8. 



COLLECTION OF TYPICAL CINCHONA BARKS. 



297. (1) CINCHONA CALISATA, Weddell. (Calisaya Bark.) 



a. ' Bark. Flat Calisaya. 



6. Ditto. Quilled Calisaya, from South America. 



c. Ditto. Ditto, cultivated in India. 



d. Ditto. Ditto, cultivated in Java. 



e. Ditto. Ditto, var. Ledgeriana. 



Note. The flat Calisaya may be recognised by being deprived of the 

 periderm or external layer, and by having digital furrows, i.e., longitu- 

 dinal shallow depressions, such as would be made by drawing the finger 

 along the surface of putty or dough. The fibres are short, and under a 

 lens many of them are seen to be translucent. There are several 

 varieties of fiat Calisaya, distinguished by tint, as orange, pale, and dark 

 Calisaya. The Bolivian quilled Calisaya bark is usually in larger quills 

 than that of C. Condaminea, and the periderm peels off readily, leaving 

 the marks of its fissures visible in the portion underneath. Indian 

 quilled calisaya is usually in smaller quills, and closely resembles in 

 appearance the bark of C. Condaminea ; it generally has, however, a few 

 distinct transverse cracks encircling the quills. 



(2) CINCHONA LANCIFOLIA, Mutis. 



a. Large quilled pieces. (Columbian Bark.) 

 Note. This bark is distinguished by its very fibrous fracture, and by 

 occurring always in more or less curved or quilled pieces of tolerable 

 thickness, having externally the remains of a whitish silvery periderm. 

 Varieties of this bark are known under the names of Caqueta bark and 

 Carthagena bark. Soft Columbian bark, according to Hanbury, is produced 

 by C. lancifolia, var. oblonga, How. See transl. Wedd. Notes on Quinq., p. 

 28. Some of it, however, is produced by a comparatively worthless bark, 

 C. luonmaefolia, Pav. Columbian bark is largely used in the manufacture 

 of quinine. From a memorandum on a specimen of this bark in Dr. 

 Pereira's collection, it seems to have been first noticed in English 

 commerce in 1829. 



(3) CINCHONA OFFICINALTS, Hook. (Pale Bark.) 



a. Quills, from South America. 



6. Ditto, from India. 



c. Ditto, from Java. 



d. Ditto, from Ceylon. 



Note. Pale bark always occurs in quills ; the quills from South America 

 are usually more covered with lichens than those from India. The 



