58 



298. (3) CINCHONA CALISATA, continued. 



e. Thick and flat or slightly cui'ved pieces. 



Note. Var. y, Morada, is the C. Boliviana of Wedd., the Cascarilla 

 morada of Bolivia, and the Cascarilla verde morada of Peru. Specimen d 

 is known by the name of " Charquesillo " (charque meaning strips of sun- 

 dried flesh). Specimen e is called " tabla." It is a " very fine bark." It 

 " differs from the Calisaya morada of Weddell." See specimen d of var. 

 a, Vera. According to Weddell Calisaya bark may be distinguished 

 from C. scrobiculata, H. and B., and from C. ovata, var. rufinervis, by the 

 fibres being easily detached from a transverse fracture instead of being 

 flexible and adherent as in the two latter barks. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., 

 pt. ii., p. 88. In C. scrobiculata the fibres form radial and less interrupted 

 rows. In C. Calisaya, var. y morada (C. Boliviana, Wedd.) the flat pieces 

 possess laticiferous vessels, while the flat Calisaya does not ; they are 

 present, however, in the quills of both species, and the morada variety can 

 then only be distinguished by its relative thinness. Pharmacographia, 

 p. 320 ; P. J. [2] , vol. viii., p/14. 



(4) CINCHONA CORDIFOLIA, Wedd. (Hard Carthagena Park.) 



a. Large quills. 

 I. Flat pieces. 



Note. This bark is the hard Carthagena bark of Pereira, or hard 

 Columbian bark of commerce, and the China flava dura of Bergen. Iii 

 Peru and Bolivia it is known as " Cascarilla mula ;" and in Bogota as 

 " Quina amarilla." The quills are usually large, heavy, and without 

 periderm ; sometimes of a tea green tint, and wrinkled longitudinally, but 

 generally much resembling in colour those of C. lancifolia, from which 

 they differ in having a very short, not fibrous, fracture. The flat pieces 

 are thin, hard, somewhat curved, and of a tea green or maroon tint, with 

 the remains of a white periderm, and small flat pale brown warts. The 

 taste is earthy and bitter. Maracaibo bark (C. Tucujensis) was formerly 

 included by Pereira and Planchon under this species. Hist, des Drag., 

 vol. iii., p. 177. This bark is well figured in Del. et Bouch. Quinolog., 

 pi. x. Carabaya bark somewhat resembles the flat variety of C. cordi- 

 folia, but it has a darker exterior, and the fibres are much finer, and the 

 warts, are smaller and darker in colour. 



(5) CINCHONA ELLIPTICA, Wedd. (Carabaya Bark.) 



a. Flat pieces. 

 Z>. Quills. 



Note. This bark is now scarcely imported. It formerly came from 

 Islay, where it was known as " Quina carmiu." It much resembles the 

 bark of C. cordifolia in aspect, but its taste is more astringent. It 

 contains 3-4 per cent, of alkaloids, consisting of cinchonine, quinidine, and 

 quinine. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 95. For fig. of bark see 

 Del. et Bouch., Quinolog. pi. ii. 



(6) CINCHONA HETEROPHTLLA, Pav. 



a. Quills. 



Note. This bark comes over occasionally mixed with quill Calisaya, 

 and is known as " Cascarilla negrilla." It is much darker in colour and 

 less cracked than any other quilled bark. See Hist, des Drog., vol. iii., 

 p. 181. It "contains the quiuidine of Pasteur." 



