68 



J98. (13) CINCHONA OVATA, continued. 



6. Long quills. (Cascarilla pallida.) 



Note. This specimen resembles in appearancfe the quills of G. Mat i-ii 

 and C. pnbescena ; but the periderm when exfoliated in C. ovata shows 

 a dark surface underneath, and the bark of C. pubescens has a much 

 coarser grain than any other cinchona bark. It does not split readily 

 like the bark of C. Mutisii. 



c. Large quills. 



Note. "This specimen resembles C. ovata of Weddell, but not of 

 Pavon or Howard." 



Far. /3. ERYTHRODERMA, Wedd. 



a. Flat pieces. 



Note. This bark is "very scarce and peculiar." It somewhat resem- 

 bles Calisaya bark, but is much darker externally. " Cascarilla zamba 

 inorada," of Carabaya. The taste is very bitter and astringent. It is a 

 poor bark. See Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 92. 



(14) CINCHONA PALTON, Pav. ( West coast Carthagena Bark.) 



a. Thick curved pieces. 



Note. This bark is one of the fibrous barks, resembling in general 

 appearance that of C. lancifolia, but is usually more loosely fibrous, has 

 a redder tinge than that bark ; and is also often pitted with numerous 

 depressions, about the size of swan shot, upon its surface. It is much 

 used in the manufacture of quinine. See Pharmacographia, p. 318. Ac- 

 cording to Howard, Falton bark yields 



Cinchonidine 1-34 



Quinine 0-71 



9-Ofi 



"The proportion of quinine is sometimes much larger than that here 

 given." (J. E. H.) 



(15) CINCHONA PERUVIANA, How. (Fine Grey Bark.) 



a. Quills. 



Note. For a description of this bark see Per. Mat. Med., 3rd edition, 

 vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 1633 ; and for fig. Goebel und Kunze, taf. vii., fig. 1-4. 

 It is nearly allied to the bark of C. nitida and micrantha, and with 

 them forms the Lima or Huauuco bark, which is now chiefly used on the 

 Continent. 



(16) CINCHONA PITAYENSIS, Wedd. (Pitaya Bark.) 



a. Large quills. 



Note. This specimen is " fine Pitaya bark, probably some of the first 

 imported." See Howard, Quinol. E. I. Plantat. , p. 89, and pi. xii. 



b. Large quills ; from the Pitaya district. 



c. Flat pieces, with a portion of the periderm remaining. 

 Note. Specimen c is the Pitaya roja, or red Pitaya bark. Pitaya 



bark is readily distinguishable from other barks by occurring in very 

 large heavy quills of a dull brown colour, with a thick, corky, dirty 

 white periderm. It does not taste bitter for some time, but is then per- 

 sistently so. It is a very valuable bark, and is the chief source of quini- 

 dine. See P. J. [1], voL xiv., p. 166; [2], vol. vi., p. 48. For fig. of 

 bark see Del. et Bouch. Quin., pi. xii. and p. 34. 



