84 



317. RUBIA TINCTORUM, continued. 



c. Root, powdered. (Ombro.) 



d. Ditto, ditto. (Gamene.) 



Note. Specimens b, c, and d are three qualities of Dutch madder, of 

 which b is the best. Dutch, French, and Zealand madder are imported 

 in powder ; but Levant, Turkey, and Smyrna madder are imported 

 whole. See Bentley, Man. Bot., p. 549. For adulterations and their 

 detection, see Cooley's Cyclop., 5th ed., p. 726. 



318. RUBTA MUNJISTA, Eoxb. ; RUBIA CORDIFOLIA, L. 



a. Root. (Bengal Madder, Munjeet.) 



b. Ditto, powdered. 



Note. The root of this species is used as a dye in Bengal. Its decoc- 

 tion is said to possess deobstruent properties. See Ind. Pharm., p. 118. 



VALERIANACE^E. 



319. NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI, D.C. (Spikenard.) 



a. Root. " Sumbul-al-teeb." Eoyle, Mat. Med., p. 480. 

 Note. This root has an odour like patchouli. It is supposed to be the 

 spikenard of Scripture. In appearance it much resembles the root of 

 Allium victoriale. In India it is considered of great value in epilepsy 

 and hysteria. The tincture is made in the proportion of oz. of the 

 root to 2 pints of proof spirit. Ind. Pharm., p. 120. For fig., see Hist, 

 des Drog., t. iii., pp. 79-82. 



320. VALERIANA OFFICINALIS, L. (Lesser Valerian.) 



a. Root, preserved wet. 



b. Herb and root, ditto. 



c. Root. For micr. section, see Berg., Anat. Atlas, taf. xvi., fig. 41. 

 Note. This root somewhat resembles serpentary root, but may be dis- 

 tinguished by its odour and by the rootlets being larger and less brittle. 

 For fig., see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxvi., fig. 1. See Pharma- 

 cographia, p. 337 ; Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 146. 



Valeriana Phu is known as the greater valerian. For fig. of root, see 

 Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. xxxvi., fig. 2. 



COMPOSITE. 



SUB-ORDER TUBOLIFLOR.E. 



321. ANACYCLUS PYRETBRUM, D.C. 



a. Root. (Pellitory of Spain.) Bentley and Trimen, Med. 



Plants, tab. 151, 152. 



Note. This root somewhat resembles dandelion root, but may be dis- 

 tinguished by its thin cortical portion and large white radiate medi- 

 tullium, with numerous resinous dots. The root of A. officinarum, Hayne, 

 is used instead of pellitory in Eussia, Germany, and Scandinavia. It is 

 only half the thickness of true pellitory root. Pharmacographia, p. 343. 

 For fig. of the root of A. officinarum, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. 

 xxx., fig. 1. For micr. section of the root of A. Pyrethrum, see Berg, 

 Anat. Atlas, taf. ix., fig. 28. 



