95 



I . FRASBRA. CAROLINENSIS, Walter. (American Calumla.) 



a. Boot. 



Note. This specimen was bought in Buffalo, New York, under the 

 name of American Calumba, and was said to be imported there from 

 the State of Indiana. This specimen was presented by Dr. Maclagan. 

 Bentley's Man. Sot., p. 571. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii. pt. i., p. 681. The 

 root is official in the secondary list of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia. For 

 fig. of root, see Goebel und Kunze, pt. ii., taf. v., fig. 6, a, c, d. 



375. GENTIANA LUTEA, L. 



a. Root. (Gentian root.) 

 I. Powdered. 



Note. The roots of other species of Gentian, viz., G. purpurea, 

 G. pannonica, and G. punctata are sometimes mixed with gentian root. 

 G. purpurea and G. pannonica are known by being of a darker brown 

 internally, and having strong longitudinal furrows, but no transverse 

 wrinkles externally. The roots of G. punctata are of a yellowish, not 

 brown, colour. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 623. For fig. of root, 

 see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 182. 



376. GENTIANA PBRUVIANA, Lam. 



a. Bark. 



377. MBNTANTHES TRIFOLIATA, L. (Buckbean, Begbean, Marsh 



Trefoil.) 



a. Leaves. 



Note. It is a bitter tonic, but sometimes produces cathartic and 

 emetic effects. In Germany it is used as a substitute for hops. It is 

 said to be eaten by sheep affected with the rot. Buckbean flowers in 

 May. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 184. 



378. OPHELIA CHIRATA, Grisebach. (Chiretta, Dukhani Chiretta.) 



a. Herb. For fig. of plant, see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, 

 tab. 183. 



b. Ditto, an original bundle. 



c. Ditto, falsely packed. 



Note. Specimen c was presented by Mr. H. Sugden Evans. The root 

 of Munjeet (Rnbia cordifolia, L.) is packed in the centre of the bundle. 

 See P. J. [3] , vol. i., p. 367. Several species of this genus and some of 

 other genera are used in other parts of India as substitutes for Chiretta. 

 See P. J. [8] , vol i., p. 106 ; Pharmacographia, p. 893. See also next 

 specimen. The infusion of chirata, according to Mr. Squire, is more 

 agreeable if made at a temperature below 180 F. See P. J. [1], vol. i., 

 pp. 268, 413 ; Ind. Ann. of Med. Science, 1856, vol. iii., p. 270. 



379. OPHELIA ANOOSTIFOLIA, Don. (Paharee Chiretta.) 



a. Herb. 



Note. This species has lately been substituted in commerce for O. 

 Chirata. It yields a paler infusion than the official species. P. J. [8] , 

 vol. V., p. 481. It is distinguished by the absence of any distinct 

 pith, and by the thickness of the wood of the stem as seen when cat 

 transversely. The lower portion of the stem is also quadrangular. 

 P. J. [8] , vol. i., p. 106 ; Ind. Pharm. p. 149. 



