110 



442. CUBEBA CLDSII, continued. 



The fruits of Toddalia lanceolata have also been imported from the Cape 

 of Good Hope under the name of African cubebs. See P. J. [2] , vol. vi. , 

 p. 463. 



443. CUBEBA OFFICINALIS, Mig. ; PIPER CUBEBA, L. 



a. Raceme of fruit. 



b. Immature fruit. 



c. Cubebs with a peculiar odour. 



d. Essential oil. 



Note. -For analysis of the fruit, see P. <7. [3], vol. ii., p. 270. The 

 cubebs with a peculiar odour is probably produced by Piper crassipes. 

 Korth. See Pharmacographia, p. 530. It has a bitter taste, and an odour 

 like olibanum. The diuretic properties are said to exist in the resin rather 

 than in the volatile oil. See P. J. [2] , vol. ix., p. 539 ; for extract, see 

 P. J. [1] , vol. vi., p. 319 ; for Cubebin, P. J. [1] , vol. xiv., p. 37 ; see 

 also Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 395 ; -B. db T., Med. Plants, tab. 243. 



444. MACROPIPER METHYSTICUM, Miq. 



a. Root. (Cava Root, Ava Soot, Kawa Kawa.) 

 Note. The root is used as an intoxicating agent in the Sandwich and 

 Fiji islands, the root being first chewed and then mixed with water. 

 See P. J. [1], vol. iii., p. 474; and for fig. of plant, p. 473; see also 

 Treas. Bot., p. 708 ; P. J. [1] , vol. ix., p. 219 ; [2] , vol. iv.,.p. 85 ; [3] , 

 vol. vii., p. 149. 



445. PIPER NIGRUM, L. 



a. Woody stem. 



b. Dried unripe fruit. (Blabk Pepper.} 



c. Dried ripe fruit. (White Pepper.) 



Note. The white pepper is less pungent than the black, which is said to 

 be owing to the fruit being allowed to ripen before being gathered. It 

 consists of the fruit deprived of the fleshy portion of the pericarp, see 

 Pharmacographia, p. 523. Malabar black pepper is considered the best 

 kind, and the Tellicherry and Penang the finest varieties of the white 

 pepper. Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 385 ; P. J. [2] , vol. vii., 

 p. 288 ; and for adulterations, P. J. [2] , vol. i., p. 605 ; and for figs., 

 P. J. [2] , vol. ii., pp. 7, 8, 9 ; Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 245. 



THYMELACE^;. 



446. DAPHNE LAUREOLA, L. 



a. Root, preserved wet. See Bent. <& Trim., Med. Plants, tab. 226. 



447. DAPHNE MEZEREUM, L. 



a. Root, preserved wet. 



b. Ditto, dried. 



c. Bark of the root. 



d. Original bundle of root bark. 



Note. The stem bark of D. laureola is similar to that of D. mezereum, 

 but has not the prominent leaf scars of the latter. D. Laureola has 

 evergreen leaves, and green flowers. D. Mezereum, purplish red 

 flowers, which appear before the leaves. See P. J. [1] , vol. i., p. 395 ; 

 Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., p. 477. B. <& Tr., Med. Plants, tab. 225. 



