121 



488. MANIHOT UTILLISSIMA, Pohl. 



a. Boot sliced. 



b. Cassava meal, coarse. From Dr. Shier. 



c. floor, fine. Ditto. 



* c. Cassava bread. (Tapioca Meal, Moussache, or Cipipa.) 



d. Cassava Starch, from British Guiana. 



e. Ditto. (Brazilian Arrowroot.) 



f. Cassareep. 



g. Matapi, or cassava squeezer. From Dr. Shier. 

 h. Etami, or cassava sifter. 



". Tapioca. Two specimens. 



Note. The root is grated and pressed in a matapi, or cylindrical bag, 

 made of the Ita palm (Mauritia flexuosa, L.) ; and after being pressed and 

 dried, is sifted through an etami, or sifter, made of the same material, 

 and then forms cassava meal. For figures of the matapi and etami, see 

 P. J. [l],vol. xi., p. 248. Cassava bread occurs in thin round cakes, 

 and is made from the meal in a moist state by gently heating it, and then 

 drying it in the sun. Cassareep, which is now an article of commerce in 

 London, is the concentrated juice of the bitter cassava, which loses its 

 poisonous properties by heat. P. J. [2j , vi., p. 302. It is said, but 

 wrongly, to preserve meat boiled in it longer than any other substance 

 which can be used. Cassareep, mixed with peppers and meat, forms 

 the West Indian "pepper-pot." See P. J. [1], voL vii., p. 197; [2], 

 vol. ii., p. 13. For fig. of the starch see Berg, Anal. Atlas, taf. 50. Tapi- 

 oca is made by heating and stirring the starch in a moist state until it 

 agglomerates. P. J. [3] , vol. iii. , p. 669 ; Per. Mat. Med., vol. ii., pt. i., 

 p. 432. Bio tapioca is whiter than that from Bahia. For fig. of plant, 

 see Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 235. 



489. RlCINUS COMMUNIS, L. 



a. Fruit, preserved wet. 



b. Seeds. (Castor Oil Seeds, Semina Cataputice majoris.) 



c. Ditto, differently marked. 



d. Ditto. (African Castor Oil Seeds.) 



Note. The African seeds were brought from W. Africa by Dr. Daniell. 

 A small variety of the seed is cultivated in India also, where the large 

 variety is expressed for lamp oil, and the small variety, for medicinal, oil. 

 P. J. [3], vol. iv., p. 676. The American variety, with reddish seeds, is 

 said to yield more oil than the Egyptian black seed, but the oil obtained 

 from the Egyptian seed is paler in colour. For Italian castor oil see 

 P. J. [2], vol. vii., p. 229; [2], vol. viii., p. 250. For cultivation in 

 Algeria, P. J. [2], vol. i., p. 530. For Indian castor oil, P. J. [8], 

 vol. iv., p. 676. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 237. 



490. ROTTLERA TINCTORIA, Roxb. ; MALLOTUS PHILIPPENSIS, Milll. Arg. 



a. Fruit. See Bentley and Trimen, Med. Plants, tab. 236. 

 6. Glands covering the fruit. (Kamala, Kapila, Kapila- 

 podi, Wart, Wurrus, Wassunta gunda.) 



c. Ditto "Wurrus," first quality. 



d. Ditto, ditto, second quality. 



Note. Wurrus is used in India very extensively as a rich orange brown 



