39 



esting, and may help to an appreciation of the significance of 

 the industry to the farmers of Germany. Taking the average 

 market price for several years as the basis of our estimate, we 

 secure the following results. The distillers used in 1899, 

 258 million double centners of potatoes at 3 marks a double 

 centner, or an entire value of 77.5 million marks; 346 million 

 double centners of grain at 15 marks a double centner, or 51.9 

 million marks. An estimate of the value of the fruit is im- 

 possible. Together these amounts give the sum of 129.4 or 

 round 130 million marks as the value of the product taken 

 from agriculture by the distilling industry in 1899. If we 

 also include the materials consumed by the brewers, for the 

 sake of completeness, we have the following: In 1899 round 

 18 million double centners of brewing barley was used at 18 

 marks a double centner of a value of 324 million marks; 

 300,000 double centners of other grain worth 4 million marks ; 

 171,000 double centners of hops at 300 marks a double centner 

 or 51.3 million marks. Together this made a value of 379.3 

 million marks paid for material by the brewers. Placing the 

 amounts for distilling and brewing together, we have as an 

 estimate of the value of the raw material taken from agricul- 

 ture in 1899, 408.7 million marks. 



But the large amount of by-products given back to agricul- 

 ture must not be forgotten. As estimated by an expert 1 

 they have a yearly value of 62.2 million marks : 

 From the distillers 

 Potato "schlempe," 25 mil. d. c. (a) 60 pfennigs. .15.0 mil. m. 



Distillers' grains, 600,000 d. c. @ 9.00 marks 5.4 mil. m. 



From the brewers 



Brewers' grains, 18 mil. d. c. @ 2.00marks 36.0 mil. m. 



Malt sprouts, 720,000 d. c. (a) 8.00 marks 5.8 mil. m. 



62.2 mil. m 



Dr. Bode estimated the amount of land needed in 1892 to 

 produce the materials used by the distillers and brewers at 

 1,658,605 hectares or 16,586 square kilometers, i. e., a plot of 



1. Dr. Th. Remy in E. Struve's Erlass eines Surrogat Ver bots, etc. Berlin 

 1899, p. 50. 



