I. 27z,e Industry Before the Nineteenth Century. 



a. Early Knowledge of Spirits. 



b. Introduction into Germany and Spread of Its Use. 



c. Character of Early Distilling. 



II. The Industry from the Beginning of the Nineteenth 

 . Century to 1887. 



a. North German States. 



1. Introduction. 



2. Prussia. 



3. Remaining States. 

 (a) Introduction. 



(6) Saxony, Thuringia, etc. 



b. South German States. 



1. Bavaria. 



2. Wurt ember g. 



3. Baden. 



III. The Present Industry. 



a. Introduction. 



b. Number of Distilleries. 



c. Distribution. 



d. Character. 



e. Labor. 



/. Materials used. 



1. Potatoes. 2. Grain. 3. Molasses. 4. Other 



Materials. 

 g. Product, Amount and Character. 



IV. Possible Developments. 



a. The Extensive Use of Spirits for Technical Pur- 

 poses, and the Possible Eesults Therefrom. 



I. The Industry Before the Nineteenth Century, 

 a. Early Knowledge of Spirits. 



Though wine and beer were known to the ancients, spirits 

 in the modern sense of the word were not. 1 Alcohol was 

 originally exclusively distilled from wine, according to Mar- 

 cus Gracus 2 who described the process in the eighth century 



1. Stahlschmidt, C, " Die Gaehrungs Chemie." Berlin, 1868; p. 270. 



2. Baer, " Alcoholismus." Leipsic, 1876 ; p. 20. 



