The Making of Species 



the strong. Similarly the earlier economists con- 

 sidered political economy a very simple affair. 

 They asserted that men are actuated by but 

 one motive the love of money. All their men 

 were economic men, men devoid of all attri- 

 butes save an intense love of gold. Experience 

 has shown that these premises are not correct. 

 Love of family, pride of race, caste prejudices 

 are more or less deeply implanted in men, so 

 that they are rarely actuated solely by the love 

 of money. 



Thus it is that the political economy of to-day 

 as set forth by Marshall is far more complex and 

 less dogmatic than that of Ricardo or Adam 



o 



Smith. Similarly the political philosophy of 

 Sidgwick is very different to that of Herbert 

 Spencer. So is it with the theory of organic 

 evolution. The theory of natural selection is no 

 more able to explain all the varied phenomena 

 of nature than is Ricardo's assumption that all 

 men are actuated solely by the love of money 

 capable of accounting for the multifarious existing 

 economic phenomena. Even as the love of wealth 

 is an important motive of human actions, so is 

 natural selection an important factor in evolution. 

 But even as the majority of human actions are 

 the resultant of a variety of motives, so are the 

 majority of existing organisms the resultant of 

 a complex system of forces. Even as it is the 

 duty of the economist to discover the various 



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