CREAMERY CONSTRUCTION 35 



have reached an age of 28 days. The blocks should be imbedded 

 in cement mortar, with joints not exceeding % inch. The 

 greatest objection to the cement-block wall is its tendency to 

 absorb moisture. This, however, is largely overcome by using 

 the particular blocks described above. 



5. Sills and Lintels. These are made most satisfactorily 

 from concrete. The exterior window sills, if thus made, should 

 be reenforced and set in place. The lintels should be reenforced, 

 and the concrete used should be of a strong mixture containing 

 one or more parts of cement, two parts of clean sand, and four 

 parts of coarse gravel or broken stone. 



6. Plastering. The walls of all rooms except the coal room 

 should be covered with two or three coats of a good, hard wall 

 plaster. The last coat is to be composed of hard cement wall 

 plaster, finished with a steel trowel, and brought to a true, 

 even surface free from cracks. 



All plastering should be carried to the floor and connected 

 with the surfacing from the floor. It is often advisable to carry 

 the floor surfacing up on the wall for about one foot. Instead 

 of the wall meeting the floor on a right angle, the juncture may 

 be slightly rounded, thus making it easier to clean. A wall 

 finished as above may be scrubbed and can, therefore, be kept 

 in a sanitary condition. 



Chimney. In planning the foundation for a chimney, it 

 is advisable to consult an architect or at least some experienced 

 person. If the soil is loose or wet, it may be necessary to drive 

 piles on which to build the foundation. Fig. 4 illustrates a foun- 

 dation and chimney built on firm soil for a 37-foot brick chimney. 



The chimney proper or stack should be built from shale brick. 

 The core of the chimney upward from the bottom of the smoke- 

 bridging opening should be built of fire brick laid in fire clay 

 and securely bonded to the outer wall with galvanized iron 

 bonds of such length and strength as to insure stability. Due 

 provision should be made in the stack for attaching the smoke 

 bridging or flue from the boiler, and for placing an iron clean- 

 out door in the bottom of the stack. A door 18 inches by 18 

 inches is most satisfactory for the ordinary sized stack. 



