260 



MANAGEMENT OF DAIRY PLANTS 



her of employees engaged at the work materially influences 

 the economic efficiency. 



TABLE XXIII 

 TABLE SHOWING TIME REQUIRED FOR FILLING AND CAPPING 



3. Distributing Cost. This includes such items as salary 

 of driver and collector, upkeep of horses and wagons, barn ex- 

 penses, and overhead expenses connected with distribution. 

 This expense has been variously estimated at from 2.0 to 4.0 

 cents per quart. 



4. Loss Due to Shrinkage and Waste at the Milk Plant. The 

 Department of Agriculture l obtained estimates from 41 dealers 

 on such losses. These estimates included all losses in handling 

 milk from the time it was shipped and varied from 0.5 to 4 per 

 cent and averaged 2.15 per cent of the amount handled by each 

 dealer. 



Such losses may be due to leaky cans, inaccuracy in weight or 

 measure, careless handling of milk, insufficient draining of cans, 

 leaky apparatus, losses at the filler, loss from not removing all 

 the milk from the pasteurizer, pipes, pumps, tanks, or other 

 apparatus, evaporation and mechanical loss during the process 

 of clarification, pasteurization, or other processes. 



5. Loss on Surplus Milk. As the demand for sweet milk 

 and cream is not uniform from day to day, and as there is also 



* Milk plant letter No. 9, Department of Agriculture, B. A. I., November, 1914. 



