DISTANCE CEPTORS EMOTIONS 123 



perspiration immediately exudes from it. This exuda- 

 tion is all the more remarkable, as the surface is then 

 cold, and hence the term a cold sweat ; whereas, the 

 sudorific glands are properly excited into action when 

 the surface is heated. The hairs also on the skin 

 stand erect ; and the superficial muscles shiver. In 

 connection with the disturbed action of the heart, 

 the breathing is hurried. The salivary glands act 

 imperfectly; the mouth becomes dry, and is often 

 opened and shut. I have also noticed that under 

 slight fear there is a strong tendency to yawn. One of 

 the best marked symptoms is the trembling of all the 

 muscles of the body ; and this is often first seen in the 

 lips. From this cause, and from the dryness of the 

 mouth, the voice becomes husky and indistinct, or may 

 altogether fail. ... As fear increases into agony 

 of terror, we behold, as under all violent emotions, 

 diversified results. The heart beats wildly, or may 

 fail to act and faintness ensue ; there is a deathlike 

 pallor ; the breathing is labored ; the wings of the 

 nostrils are widely dilated; 'there is a gasping and 

 convulsive motion of the lips, a tremor on the hollow 

 cheek, a gulping and catching of the throat ; ' the un- 

 covered and protruding eyeballs are fixed on the object 

 of terror ; or they may roll restlessly from side to side. 

 . . . The pupils are said to be enormously dilated. 

 All the muscles of the body may become rigid, or may 

 be thrown into convulsive movements. The hands 

 are alternately clenched and opened, often with a 

 twitching movement. The arms may be protruded, 

 as if to avert some dreadful danger, or may be thrown 

 widely over the head. ... In other cases there is 



