ANIMAL HEAT 527 



of dextrose (glucose) in normal saline, connect it with the cannula 

 by means of an indiarubber tube, taking care that there are no air- 

 bubbles in the tube, and slowly inject as much of the solution as 

 will amount to \ to f grm. sugar per kilo of body-weight. Tie the 

 vein, remove the cannula, and in half an hour evacuate the bladder 

 by passing a catheter, by pressure on the abdomen, or, if both of 

 these methods fail, by tapping the bladder with a trocar pushed 

 through the linea alba (supra-pubic puncture). In an hour again 

 draw off the urine. Test both specimens for sugar. 



In this experiment, the opportunity may also be taken to demon- 

 strate that egg-albumin, when injected into the blood, is excreted by 

 the kidneys, a filtered solution containing the albumin of one egg and 

 sugar in the quantity mentioned being injected. 



The catheter may be inserted before the injection is begun, and 

 the bladder evacuated. After the injection the urine that drops 

 from the catheter may be collected in test-tubes, first every two minutes, 

 and then, as soon as sugar is found, every ten minutes. Determine 

 the interval between injection and the appearance of the first trace 

 of sugar and albumin. If a sufficient amount of urine is obtained, 

 the quantity of sugar in successive specimens may be estimated and 

 compared. The rate of flow of the urine as measured by the number 

 of drops falling from the catheter may also be estimated from time to 

 time, in order to determine whether diuresis is taking place. 



If a rabbit is used for this experiment, the sugar solution may 

 be injected into the ear vein. The vein is caused to swell up by 

 pressing on it with the finger and thumb, and the hypodermic needle 

 is then inserted towards the heart. 



(2) Phloridzin Diabetes. Dissolve \ grm. of phloridzin in warm 

 water, and inject it subcutaneously into a rabbit. Obtain a sample 

 of the urine at the end of two hours, by pressure on the abdomen 

 with the thumb or by passing a catheter, and test for sugar. If none 

 is present, wait for another interval, and again test the urine. 



This experiment can also be performed without risk on man. 

 One grm. of phloridzin has been injected twice a day without dis- 

 turbing the individual. Much sugar is found in the urine, but it 

 disappears the day after the administration of phloridzin is stopped. 

 The phloridzin may also be given by the mouth, but more is required, 

 and it is not very easily absorbed, and often causes diarrhoea (v. Mering). 



(3) Alimentary Glycosuria. The urine having been tested for 

 sugar for two successive days, and none being found, 



(a) a large quantity of cane sugar is to be taken in the form which 

 is most agreeable to the student. The urine of the next twenty-four 

 hours is to be collected and measured. A sample of it is then to be 

 tested for reducing sugar by Trommer's and the phenyl hydrazine test. 

 If any sugar is found, the reducing power of a definite quantity of the 

 urine is to be determined by titration with Fehling's solution (p. 432) 

 (a) before and (/?) after boiling with hydrochloric acid (p. 383). 



Or (b) a large meal of rice or arrowroot, sweetened with as much 

 dextrose as the observer can induce himself to swallow, is to be 

 taken, and the urine treated as in (a). 



