Ivi GARDEN BOTANY. 



L. Tartarica, TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE. An upright much branched 

 shrub, smooth, with cordate-ovate leaves ; flowers a single pair on an axillary 

 peduncle, rose or pink-colored, in spring, the two berries often united by their 

 bases as they grow. 



ORDER RUBIACEJE. MADDER FAMILY. 

 Manual, p. 168. The useful plant which gives its name to the order is 



1. Rllbia tinctoria, MADDER. Like a Galinm, but the parts of the 

 flower in fives, and the fruit a berry ; leaves in whorls of 6, rough-edged ; 

 flowers greenish or yellowish : cult, for its deep, perennial, red roots, which 

 furnish the well-known dye. 



ORDER VALERIAWACE^l. VALERIAN FAMILY. 

 Manual, p. 175. Two are species common in gardens : 



1. Valeriana officinalis, COMMON VALERIAN. Stems tall and simple ; 

 leaves pinnate, with many lanceolate leaflets; flowers white or pinkish; 

 stamens 3. The strong-scented rootstock furnishes the Valerian of the 

 druggist. 



2. Centranthus ruber, RED VALERIAN. Smooth or glaucous, with 

 ovate-lanceolate entire leaves and light-red flowers (also a white variety), with 

 a spur, and only one stamen ; root perennial. 



ORDER DIPSACE.33. TEASEL FAMILY. 



Manual, p. 176. Besides the Fuller's Teasel, p. 177, a Scabious is com- 

 mon, viz. : 



1. Scabiosa atropurpurea, SWEET SCABIOUS, or MOURNING BRIDE. 



The genus differs from Dipsacus in having round heads of flowers with soft 

 scales or bristles on the receptacle ; the corolla oblique, often 5-lobed, but 

 only 4 stamens ; the limb of the calyx a little cup bearing 4 or 5 long and 

 naked bristles or awns. Our cultivated species is an annual or biennial, wiili 

 pinnate leaves, a long-peduncled head of dark crimson-purple flowers, with 

 rose-colored and even white varieties. 



ORDER COMPOSITE. COMPOSITE FAMILY. 



Manual, p. 177. There are many weeds, but not a great many commonly 

 cultivated plants of this order, considering that between an eighth or a tenth of 

 all flowering plants belong to it. There are, however, a good number of rarer 

 ornamental sorts, both of greenhouse and gardens, which we cannot here take 

 into account. 



* Juice of the stem not milky : strap-shaped corollas, if any, not bearing stamens. 

 Pappus consisting of numerous bristles or hairs, 



With also a little bristly cup surrounding its base. . . 2. CALLISTEPHUS. 



With no outer cup, scales, or the like. 

 Involucre a single row of equal scales, or with only some 



very short ones at the base 16. SENECIO. 



Involucre imbricated. 

 A row of strap-shaped marginal flowers, which are 



Purple, blue, white, &c., never yellow. Man. p. 190. ASTER. 



Yellow, and very numerous and narrow. Man. p. 208. INULA. 



