IX GARDEN BOTANY. 



17. Carthamus tinctorius, SAFFLOWER. A coarse annual of kitchen 

 gardens, with ovate-lanceolate primly-toothed leaves, those of the large invo- 

 lucre somewhat similar ; the orange-colored flowers used as a substitute for 

 saffron ; whence the plant is often called SAFFRON. 



18. Centaurea Cyanus, BLUEBOTTLE, very common in country gardens, 

 is described in Man. p. 232. 



C. Americana, from Arkansas, a showy annual, with oblong-lanceolate 

 leaves, and a very large flower-head on a stout peduncle ; scales of the invo- 

 lucre with pectinate appendages ; flowers pale purple, the marginal ones much 

 larger and forming a ray. 



19. Cynara Scolymus is the true ARTICHOKE, a kind of Thistle with 

 large heads, the receptacle and the lower part of the ovate scales of the invo- 

 lucre thick and fleshy, forming the eatable portion. Not widely cultivated in 

 this country. 



20. Catananche CSerulea. An annual, cult, for its handsome blue flow- 

 ers ; head solitary on a long peduncle, with a dry and scarious involucre ; 

 leaves linear, villous. 



21. Tragopogon porrifolius, SALSIFY, OYSTER-PLANT. A smooth and 

 somewhat glaucous herb, with a biennial fusiform root, for which the plant 

 is cultivated as an esculent, long grass-like leaves which taper from a clasp- 

 ing base to a slender apex ; the peduncle enlarged at the summit under the 

 large head ; involucre about 8-leaved ; corolla brownish-purple or violet. 



22. Lactuca satiya, GARDEN LETTUCE. Cult, for the tender root-leaves 

 as a salad ; these broad and rounded, often wavy or crisped, and crowded into 

 a head ; leaves of the flowering stem cordate-clasping ; flowers yellow ; achenia 

 obovate. 



ORDER LOHELIACE^I. LOBELIA FAMILY. 



Manual, p. 241. The Cardinal-Flower is often cultivated. The two follow- 

 ing Lobelias, from the Cape of Good Hope, with small blue flowers, blossom all 

 winter in greenhouses or all summer in gardens. 



1. Lobelia Erf mis. Annual, glabrous, with diffuse filiform stems, small 

 lanceolate upper leaves, and small bright blue corolla not much longer than 

 the linear lobes of the calyx. 



L. bicolor. Perennial, slightly pubescent ; corolla larger ( inch long) 

 and its tube longer than in the last, white in the throat. 



ORDER C AMP ANUL ACE-SI. CAMPANULA FAMILY. 



Manual, p. 243. The following Campanulas are commonly cultivated for 

 ornament, most of them both single and double-flowered, all blue and with white 

 varieties. 



1. Campanula Medium, CANTERBURY BELLS. A hairy and tall bien- 

 nial, with very large and erect flowers, the tube of the calyx covered by re- 

 flexed appendages ; corolla oblong-campanulate and 2' or 3' long. 



C. glomerata. A hairy perennial, a foot or so high ; the stem-leaves 

 oblong or lanceolate and sessile by a cordate base ; flowers sessile in small 

 axillary clusters, at the summit forming a leafy head ; corolla open-campami- 

 late, about an inch long. 



C. Trachelium. A rough-leaved perennial ; stem-leaves ovate, short- 

 petioled, very coarsely toothed ; flowers two or three together in the upper axils 



