(VIOLET FAMILY.) 41 



shores, from Connecticut and Vermont to "Wisconsin and Kentucky. June- 

 Aug. Flowers small: calyx and filaments purplish: petals yellowish- 

 white. 



ORDER 14. RESEDACE^E. (MIGNONETTE FAMILY.) 



Herbs, with unsymmetrical 4 - 7-merous small flowers, with a fleshy one- 

 sided hypogynous disk between the petals and the (3-40) stamens, bearing 

 the latter. Calyx not closed in the bud. Pod 3 - 6-lobed, 3 - Q-horned, 1- 

 celled with 3-6 parietal placentce, opening at the top before the seeds (which 

 are as in Order 13) are full grown. Leaves alternate. Flowers in ter- 

 minal spikes or racemes. A small and unimportant family, of the Old 

 World, represented by the Mignonette (Reseda odorata) and the Dyer's 

 Weed. 



1. RESEDA, L. MIGNONETTE. DYER'S ROCKET. 



Petals 4-7, often cleft, unequal. Stamens 12 -40, turned to one side. (De- 

 riv. from resedo, to calm or assuage, in allusion to supposed sedative properties.) 



1. K. LUTEOLA, L. (DYER'S WEED or WELD.) Leaves lanceolate; ca- 

 lyx 4-parted ; petals 4, greenish-yellow ; the upper one 3 - 5-cleft, the two lateral 

 3-cleft, the lower one linear and entire ; pods depressed, (i) Road-sides in W. 

 New York, c. Plant 2 high. Used for dyeing yellow. (Adv. from Eu.) 



ORDER 15. VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 



Herbs, with a somewhat irregular l-spurred corolla of 5 jietals, 5 hypogy- 

 nous stamens with adnate introrse anthers conniving over the pistil, and a 1- 

 celled 3-valved pod with 3 parietal placentce. Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 

 imbricated in the bud. Stamens with their short and broad filaments con- 

 tinued beyond the anther-cells, and often coherent with each other. Style 

 usually club-shaped, with the simple stigma turned to one side and hol- 

 low. Valves of the capsule bearing the several-seeded placentas on their 

 middle. Seeds anatropous, rather large, with a hard seed-coat, and a large 

 and straight embryo nearly as long as the albumen: cotyledons flat. 

 Leaves alternate, with stipules. Flowers axillary, nodding. (Roots slight- 

 ly acrid, or emetic.) Two genera in the Northern United States. 



1. SO LEA, Ging., DC. GREEN VIOLET. 



Sepals not prolonged at the base. Petals nearly equal in length, but the low- 

 er one larger and gibbous or saccate at the base, more notched than the others 

 at the apex. Stamens completely united into a sheath enclosing the ovary, and 

 bearing a broad gland on the lower side. Style hooked at the summit. A 

 homely perennial herb, with stems leafy to the top, and 1-3 small greenish- 

 white flowers in the axils, on short recurved pedicels. (Named in honor of W. 

 Sole, author of an essay on the British Mints.) 

 4* 



