156 UMBELLIFKIl.fi. (I'AKSLEY FAMILY.) 



Var. icptcriim. Fruit with strong and sharp ribs in place of wings. 

 (Smyrnium aureum, L. Zi/.ia aurca, Koch.) With the winged form. 



4. T. trifoliatilill. Root-leaves or some of them round and heart-shaped ; 

 strm-tcdns fiiiiiji/ij termite or quinute, or 3-parted ; the divisions or leaflets opa'e-lance- 

 olate or roundish, mostly abrupt or heart-shaped at the base, rn-mttdij t<>!l/l ; 

 flowers deep yellow ; fruit, globose-ovoid, with 1 ) winged ridges. Rocky thickets, 

 Vermont to Wisconsin, and southward ; rare eastward. June. 



Var. atropurpiircillll, Torr. & Gr. Petals deep dark-purple. (Tli'p- 

 sia trifoliata, L. Smyrnium cordatum, Walt. Thaspium atropurpurcum, Nutt.) 

 From New York westward and southward. 



Var. aptcrillll. Petals yellow : fruit with sharp ribs in place of wings. 

 (Zizia cordata, Koch, Torr.) With the preceding form. 



17. ZB ZIA, DC. partly. (ZiziA T.BNIDIA, Torr. & Gr.) 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovoid-oblong, contracted at the junction of the 

 carpels so as to become twin, the cross-section of each seed nearly orbicular : 

 carpels somewhat fleshy when fresh, with 5 slender ribs (which are more con- 

 spicuous when dry) : oil-tubes 3 in each interval and 4 on the inner face. A 

 perennial smooth and glaucous slender herb (2 -3 high), with 2 - 3-ternatcly 

 compound leaves, the leaflets with entire margins; umbels with long and slen- 

 der rays, no involucre, and* hardly any involucels. Flowers yellow. (Named 

 for 7. D. Ziz, a Rhenish botanist.) 



1. Z. integer lima, DC. Rocky hill-sides ; not rare. May, June. 



18. BUPL.EIJRUM:, Tourn. THOROUGH-WAX. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate-oblong, flattened laterally or somewhat 

 twin, the carpels 5-ribbed, with or without oil-tubes. Plants with simple entire 

 leaves and yellow flowers. (Name from /3oCs, an ox, and TrXeupoi/, a rib ; it is 

 uncertain why so called ) 



1. 15. ROTUXDIFOLIUM, L. Leaves broadly ovate, pel-foliate ; involucre 

 none; involucels of 5 large ovate leaflets. Fields, New York, Penn., and Vir- 

 ginia; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



19. DISCOPL.EITRA, DC. MOCK. BISHOP-WRED. 



Calyx-teeth a\vl-sbaped. Fruit ovoid ; the carpels each with 3 strong ribs on 

 the back, and '2 broad lateral ones united with a thickened corky margin : inter- 

 vals with single, oil-tubes. Smooth and slender branched annuals, with the 

 Icuvs finely dissected into bristle-form divisions, and white flowers. Involucre 

 and involucels conspicuous. (Name from Si'ovcos, a disk, and n\vpov, a rib.) 



1. I>. capillfscea, DC. Umbel few-rayed; leaflets of the involucre 

 3-5-elcft; involucels longer than the umbellets ; fruit ovate in outline. 

 Brackish <wnmp<, Massachusetts to Virginia, and southward. July- Oct. 



2. D. Nllttflllii, DC. Umbel many-rayed ; leaflets of the involucre 

 mostly entire and shorter; fruit globular. Wet prairies, Kentucky aiul south- 

 ward. 



