CAPRIFOLIACE^:. (HONEYSUCKLE FAJIILY.) 167 



flowers in compound cymes. (Name from cra/i/Su*?;, an ancient musical instru- 

 ment, supposed to have been made of Elder-wood.) 



1. S. C<l3lu1iisis, L. (COMMON ELDER.) Stems scarcely woody 

 (5 -10 high) ; leaflets 7-11, Momj, smooth, the lower often 3-parted; cymes 



flat ; fruit black-purple. Rich soil, in open places. June. Pith white. 



2. S. pit beans, Michx. (RED-BERRIED ELDER.) Stems woody (2- 

 18 high), the bark warty; leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath; cymes 

 panicled, convex or pyramidal ; fruit bright fed (rarely white). Rocky woods ; 

 chieily northward, and southward in the mountains. May : the fruit ripening 

 in June.- Pith brown. 



7. VIBURNUM, L. ARROW-WOOD. LAUKESTIXUS. 



Calyx 5-toothcd. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 

 -3. Fruit a 1 -celled, 1 -seeded drupe, with soft pulp and a crustaceous flat- 

 tened stone. Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white flowers in flat compound 

 cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages like stipules. Lcuf-budy 

 naked, or in No. 9 scaly. (The classical Latin name, of unknown meaning.) 



1. Flowers all alike and perfect. (Fruit blue or black, glaucous.) 

 * Leaves entire, or toothed, not lobed. 



1. V. liud nisi, L. (\VITIIB-ROD.) Leaves thickish, oval, oblong or 

 lanceolate, dotted beneath, like the short petioles and a/mes, with small brownish scales, 

 smooth above, not shining, the margins entire or icavy-crenate; cyme short-peduncled ; 

 fruit round-ovoid. Var. 1. CLAYTONI has the leaves nearly entire, the veins 

 somewhat prominent underneath, and grows in swamps from Massachusetts 

 near the coast to Virginia and southward. Var. 2. CASSINOIDES (V. pyrifo- 

 lium, Pursh, $-c.) has more opaque and often toothed leaves; and grows in cold 

 swamps from Pennsylvania northward. May, June. Shrub 6 - 10 high. 



2. V. prunifolilim, L. (BLACK HAW.) Leaves broadly oval, obtuse 

 at both ends, finely and sharp! i/ serrate, shinim/ above, smooth; petioles naked; 

 cymes x .s-.s/Ai ; fruit ovoid-oblong. Dry copses, S. New York to Ohio, and 

 southward. May. A tree-like shrub, very handsome in flower and foliage. 



3. V. Leilt&g'O, L. (SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP-BERRY.) Leave* 

 ovate, strong/i/ pointed, closely and very sharply serrate, smooth, the long margined 

 petioles with the midrib and branches of the sessile cyme sprinkled with rusty 

 glands when young ; fruit oval. Copses, common. May, June. Tree 

 15 -20 high, handsome; the fruit ^' long, turning from red to blue-black, 

 and edible in autumn. 



4. V. <V!5 OVa til 111, "Walt. Leaves obovate, obtuse, entire or denticulate, gla- 

 brous, thickish, small (!'-!' long), shining; cymes sessile, small. River-banks, 

 Virginia and southward. May. Shrub 2 - 8 high. 



5. V. dcaitfltum, L. (ARROW-WOOD.) Smooth; leaves broadly ovate, 

 coarsely and sharply toothed, strongly straight-veined, on slender petioles ; cymes pe- 

 duncled; fruit (small) ovoid-globose, blue. Wet places; common. June. 

 Shrub 5 - 10 high, with ash-colored bark; the pale leaves often with hairy tui'ta 

 in the axils of the strong veins. 



