1G8 RUBiACE.fi. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



6. V. pllbeSCCHS, Ptu-sh. (DOWNY ARROW-WOOD.) Leans ovate or 

 obl<nii/-oralc, acute or pointed, coarsely toothed, rather strongly straight-veined, 

 tin- 1'nrir surface, and tin wry short petiole* velvety-downy ; cymes ped uncled-; fruit 

 ovoid. Rocks, W '. Vermont to Wisconsin and Kentucky. June. Shrub 



liug, 2 -4 high. (V. molle, MicJix. is probably a form of this.) 

 # * Leaves 3-lobed, roundish; the lobes pointed. 



7. V. accrifolililll, L. (MAPLE-LEAVED ARROW-WOOD. DOCK- 

 MA CKIK. ) Leaves S^ribbed and roundish or heart-shaped at the base, dotnty 

 jtt'iilh, coarsely and unequally toothed, the veins and stalks hairy ; cymes long- 

 peduneled, many-flowered ; fruit oval; filaments long. Rocky woods, common. 

 May, June. Shrub 3 - 5 high. 



8. V. paiiciflorillll, Pylaie. Smooth, or nearly so; leaves mostly trun- 

 cate and 5-ribucd at the base, witli 3 short lobes at the summit, wiei/na/ly srrrtifc 

 thro'if/hout ; cymes small and simjt/e, peduncled ; filaments shorter than the corolla. 

 ColJ woods, mountains of N. Hampshire and New York ; Wisconsin and north- 

 ward. (V. Oxycoccus, var. cradi.itum, Oakes.) A low strangling shrub, with 

 larger leaves than No. 7, serrate all round, and less deeply lobed than in No. 9. 



2. 6PULUS, Toum. Marginal flowers of the. cyme destitute of stamens and 

 pistils, and with corollas many times larger than the others, forming a kind of 

 ray, as in Hydrangea. 



9. V, OplllllS, L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) Nearly smooth, upright; leaves 

 stronf/ly 3-lolx.d, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at the base, the spreading lobes 

 pointed, toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses ; petioles bearing stalked 

 glands at the base; cymc.s peduncled; fruit ovoid, red. (V. Oxycoccus and V. 

 edule, Pursh.) Shrub 5 -10 high, showy in flower. The acid fruit is used 

 as a (poor) substitute for cranberries, whence the name High Cranberry-bush, &c. 



The well-known SNOW-BALL TREE, or GUELDER-ROSE, is a cultivated state, 

 with the whole cyme turned into large sterile flowers. (Eu.) 



10. V. liiiitsmoides, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH. AMERICAN WAYFAR- 

 ING-TREE.) Leaves round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at. the base, c/osc/y 

 sen-ate, many-veined ; the veins and veinlets underneath, along with the stalks 

 and branchlefs, very scurfy icith rusty-colored tufls of minute doirn ; <////:<.-: 



very broad and flat ; fruit ovoid, crimson turning blackish. Cold moist woods, 

 New England to Penn. and northward, and southward in the Alleghanies. May. 



A straggling shrub ; the long, procumbent branches often taking root. Flow- 

 ers handsome. Leaves 4' - 8' across. 



ORDER 56. RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



Shrubs or herbs, n-ith opposite entire leaves connected by iittcrjio.wl stipttlis, 

 or rarely in irhorls trithout apparent stipules, the calyx colun ut iri/h the 2-4- 

 ccllnl nrar;i. the slanifns as IIKIHIJ as iln> loins of 'the rcynlnr corolla (3-. 5), 

 and insi'i-ird on its tube.. Fruit various. Seeds anntropous or amj)hitro- 

 pous. Embryo commonly pretty largo, in copious hard albumen. A very 

 large family, the greater part, and all its most important plants (such as 



