COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 179 



i- -i- Receptacle chaffy. 



Buys neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile. 

 Iteceptacle elevated (varying from strongly convex to columnar), and 



Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none. . No. 61. 



Chaffy throughout. Achenia flattened laterally if at all. . . 36-40. 



Receptacle flat. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales or chaff. . 41, 42. 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Acheniii much flattened laterally, 1 - 2-awned 48. 



Acheaia flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none. ... 63. 



Achenia 3 - 4-ungulur terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected. .... 62. 

 Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Achenia obovoid Involucre a leafy cup. 32. 



Achenia 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 85. 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple. 33, 34. 



r pistillate and fertile : the disk-flowers staininate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 

 Receptacle chaffy 25-28. 

 Systematic Synopsis, 



TBIBE I. VERlVOKIACE^a. Heads discoid ; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubu- 

 lar. Branches of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, minutely bristly- 

 hairy all over. Leaves alternate or scattered. 



1. VERNONIA. Heads several - many -flowered, separate. Involucre of many scales. Pap- 



pus of many capillary bristles. 



2. ELEP1IANTOPUS. Heads 3-5-flowered, crowded into a compound head. Involucre of 



8 scales. Pappus of several chaffy bristles. 



TRIBE II. ET/P ATORIACE^E. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike, perfect and tu- 

 bular; or in a few cases dissimilar, and the outer ones ligulate. Branches of the style 

 thickened upwards or club-shaped, obtuse, flattish, uniformly minutely pubescent ; the 

 stigmatic lines indistinct. 



Subtribe 1. EUPATORIE.E. Flowers all perfect and tubular, never truly yellow. 



* Pappus a row of hard scales. 



8. SCLEUOLEPIS. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre equal. Leaves whorled. 



* * Pappus of slender bristles. 



4. LIATRIS. Achenia many -ribbed. Bristles of the pappus plumose or barbellate. Corol- 

 las red-purple, 5-lobed. 



6. KUHNIA. Acheuia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus very strongly plumose. Corollas 

 whitish, 5-toothed. - 



6 EUPATOUIL'M. Achenia 5-angled.-^ Bristles of the pappus roughish. Scales of the invo- 



lucre many or several. Receptacle of the flowers flat. 



7 MIKANIA Achenia and pappus as No. 6. Scales of the involucre and flowers only 4. 



8. CONOCLINIUM. Achenia, pappus, &c. as No. 6. Receptacle conical. 



Subtribe 2. TUSSILAGINE.S. Flowers (sometimes yellow) more or less monoecious or dicecioua 



at least of 2 sorts in the game head. 

 * Outer flowers of each (many-flowered) head pistillate and ligulate. Scape leafless. 



9. NARDOSMIA. Heads corymbed. Flowers somewhat dioecious. Pappus capillary. 



10 TUSSILAGO. Head single ; the outer pistillate flowers in many rows. Pappus capillarv. 



* * Flowers all tubular. Stem leafy. 

 11. ADENOCAULON. Head few-flowered ; the outer flowers pistillate. Pappus none. 



TIUBE III. ASTEROIDE^E. Heads discoid, with the Cowers all alike and tutmiar; or 

 radiate, the outer ones ligulate and pistillate Branches of the style in the peifcct flow- 



