180 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



ere flat, smooth op to where the conspicuous marginal stigmatic lines abruptly trmi- 

 nate, and prolonged above this into a flattened lance-shaped or triangular appenda#. 

 which is evenly hairy or pubescent outside. Leaves alternate. Receptacle iiuked (des- 

 titute of chaff) in all our species. 



Bubtribe 1 ASTERINRS. flowers of the head all alike and perfect, or the marginal onea 

 ligulate and pistillate. Anthers without tails at the base. 



* Kay -flowers white, blue, or purple, never yellow. 



*- Pappus of numerous long and capillary bristles : receptacle flat. 



12. SERICOCARPUS Heads 12 - 15-ttowered : rays 4 or 5. Involucre oblong or club-shaped, 



imbricated, cartilaginous. Achenia short, narrowed downwards, silky. 

 IS ASTER. I leads many flowered. Involucre loosely or closely imbricated. Achenia flatfish. 



Pappus simple. 



14, ERIGERON. Heads many -flowered. Involucre of nearly equal narrow scales, almost in 

 one row. Achenia flattened Pappus simple, or with an outer set of minute scales. 



16. PIPLOPAPPUS. Heads many-flowered. Involucre imbricated. Pappus double ; the 



outer obs'-ure. of minute stiff bristles. 



- -i- Pappus of very short rigid bristles, or none : receptacle conical or hemispherical. 

 10. BOLTOMA. Achenia flat and wing-margined. Pappus very short. 



17. IJELLIS. Achenia marginless. Pappus none. Receptacle conical. 



* # Ray -flowers yellow (in one species of Solidago whitish), or sometimes none at all. 



18. BRACII YCIL-ETA. Heads 8 - 10-flowered, clustered : rays 4 or 6. Pappus a row of minute 



bristles shorter than the achenium. 



19. SOLIDAGO. Heads few - many -flowered : rays 1-16. Pappus simple, of numerous slen- 



der and equal capillary bristles. 



20. BIGKLOV1A. Heads 3 - 4-flowered : rays none. Receptacle awl-shaped. Pappus simple, 



a single row of capillary bristles. 



21. CHRYSOPS1S. Heads many -flowered : rays numerous. Pappus double; the outer of 



very small chaffy bristles, much shorter than the inner of capillary bristles. 



Subtribe 2. INUL&E. Anthers with tails at their base : otherwise as Subtribe 1. 



22. INULA. Heads many-flowered. Rays many. Pappus capillary. 



Subtribe 3. BACCUARIPE.E & TARCHONANTHE.S. Flowers of the head all tubular, either 

 dioecious or monoecious, namely, the staminate and pistillate flowers either in different 

 heads on distinct plants, or in the same head. Corolla of the pistillate fertile flowers a 

 very slender tube sheathing the style, and truncate at the summit. 



23. PLUCUEA. Heads containing a few perfect but sterile flowers in the centre, and many 



pistillate fertile ones around them. Anthers tailed at the base. Pappus capillary. 



24. BACCHAR1S. Heads dioecious, some all pistillate, others all staminate, on different plants. 



Anthers tailless. Pappus capillary. 



TRIBE IV. SENECIOKIDEJE. Heads various. Branches of the style in the fertile 

 flowers linear, thickish or convex externally, flat internally, hairy or pencil-tufted at the 

 apex (where the gtigmatic lines terminate abruptly), and either truncate, or continued 

 beyond into a bristly -hairy appendage. Leaves either opposite or alternate. 



Subtribe 1 MELAMPODINEJ?. Flowers none of them perfect, but either staminate or pi-til- 

 late ; the two sorts either in the same or in different heads. Anthers tailless. Pappus, 

 if any. never of bristles. 



Heads containing two kinds of flowers, radiate ; the ray-flowers pistillate, the central and 

 tubular staminate flowers liavmi: a pistil, but always sterile. Receptacle chaffy. 



25. POLYMNIA. Achenia thick and tur<:iil. roundish. Pappus none. 



26. CHKVSOCOM'M. Achenia '.', one-sided 2-3-toothed chaffy crown. 



27. SII.PHIU.M Acheni i vcn flat, \ung-tnarghiod, numerous in several rows : rays dcciduoun. 

 &. PAKT1IKN ;.ia flat, slightly margined, bearing a pappus of 2 chan\ scales and 



the very short persistent ray -corolla. 



