190 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



in close clusters, few-flowered; pappus white. Thickets, S. New England to 

 Virginia, near the const. July. 



2. S. COIiyzoideS, Noes. Somewhat pubescent; leaves oblori(j-l<i negate 

 or the luu-er sjmtnlate, month/ serrate towards the apex, ciliate, winy; heads raiiier 

 loosely cor VIM I >ed, obeonicul (4" -6" long); pappus rusty-color. Dry ground ; 

 common. July. 



3. S. tortifolillS, Nees. Hoary-puhcsccnt ; leaves ol>ovate or oblong-spat u- 

 l(tti>, short ('-!' long), turned edgewise, both sides alike, nearly veinless; heads 

 rather loosely corymbed, obovoid (4" -5" long) ; pappus white. Pine woods, 

 Virginia and southward. Aug. 



GALATELLA HYSSOPIF6LIA, Nees, is omitted, because it has not been found 

 in our district, and probably is not an American plant. 



13. ASTER, L. STARWORT. ASTER. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the ray-flowers in a single series, fertile. 

 Scales of the involucre more or less imbricated, usually with herbaceous or leaf- 

 like tips. Receptacle flat, alveolate. Achenia generally more or less flattened. 

 Pappus simple, of capillary bristles. Perennial herbs (or annual in 6), with 

 corymbed, panicled, or racemose heads. Kays white, purple, or blue : the disk 

 yellow, often changing to purple. (Name dcrrrjp, a star, from the appearance 

 of the radiate heads of flowers.) 



$ 1. BI&TIA, DC. Involucre oboi-oid-bell-shaped ; the scales regularly imbricated 

 in several rotrs, appressed, nearly destitute of herbaceous tips: rays 6-15 (white, or 

 nearly so) : achenia slender: lower leaves larye, heart-shaped, pftio'nl, coarsely ser- 

 rate : heads in open corymbs. 



1. A* coryillbosus, Ait. Stem slender, somewhat /.i;_/,!Lr; /"//vx thin, 

 smoothish, coarsely and unequally serrate with sharp spreading teeth, sharp-pointed, 

 ovate or ovate-lanceolate, all but the uppermost heart-shaped at the base and on 

 slender naked petioles; rays 6-9. Woodlands; common, especially north- 

 ward. July -Aug. Plant 1- 2 high, with smaller heads, looser corymbs, 

 rounder and less rigid cxtci-ior involucral scales, and thinner leaves, than the- 

 next; not rough, but sometimes pubescent. 



2. A. inacropliyllllS, L. Stem stout and rigid (2 -3 high) ; /.///* 

 thich'sh, rough, closely serrate, somewhat pointed ; the lower heart-shaped (4'- 10' 

 long, 3' -6' widd), long-petioled ; the upper ovate or oblong, sessile or on mar- 

 gined petioles; heads in ample rigid corymbs; rays 12-25 (white or bluish). 

 Moist woods; common northward, and southward along the mountains. Aug., 

 Sept. Involucre A' broad; the outer scales rigid, oblong or ovate-oblong, the 

 innermost much larger and thinner. 



i 2. CALLlASTKUM, Torr. & Gr. Seal, -snf the inntlucre iinbrfnitid in 



rotes, corMct-oiis, iri/h li< rlxwio\is ^>riadintj tips: rays 12-30, >' / nar- 



row (smonfhish) : jtappus of rii/id bristl,* f utip/a/ thi"kn<.* W cJl 



tessile ; lower ours not htrl-s/u/ptd : heads fete, larye and shoiry. (Allied to 

 $ 1, and to Serieocarpus.) 



