216 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.") 



thickened, and bearded at the tip, partly embracing the flattened and margined 



aclienia. Pappus none, or 2 teeth. Verennial herbs, with alternate pinnate 

 leavis; the grooved stems or branches naked above, and terminated by single 

 showy heads. Kays yellow or party-colored, large and drooping ; the disk gray- 

 ish. (Maine, from Xnrtff, a scale, and Tra^vs, thick, referring to the thickened tips 

 of the chair.) 



1. L. piiaiifitsi, Torr. & Gr. Hoary with minute apprcssed hairs, slen- 

 der (4 high), branching; leaflets 3-7, lanceolate, acute; disk oblong, much 

 shorter than the large and drooping light-yellow rays (which are 2' long). 

 Dry soil, from Chatauque County, New York (Sa.ii.wdl), to Wisconsin and 

 southward. July. The receptacle exhales an anisate odor when bruised. 

 Aehcnia slightly margined on the inner edge, obscurely 2-toothed at the top. 



39. II ELI AN Til US, L. SUNFLOWER. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays several or many, neutral. Involucre 

 Imbricated. Receptacle flattish or convex ; the persistent chaff embracing the 

 4-sided and laterally compressed aehenia, which are neither winged nor mar- 

 gined. Pappus very deciduous, of 2 thin chaffy-awncd scales on the principal 

 angles of the achenium, and often 2 or more little intermediate scales. Coarse 

 and stout herbs (often exuding a resin), with solitary or corymbed heads, and 

 yellow rays : flowering towards autumn. (Name from ryXtos, the sun, and tivfios, 

 a flower.} All our wild species are perennial. 



# Disk convex, dark purple : leaves opposite, or the upper alternate. 

 +- Scales of the involucre tapering into narrow and spread/in/ herbaceous tips. 



1. II. ailgllStifolius, L. Stem slender (2 -6 high); leavt* long and 

 l/iifir, sessile, entire, with revolute margins, 1-nerved, pale beneath; heads 

 (small) loosely corymbed, long-peduncled. Low pine barrens, New Jersey to 

 Kentucky and southward. 



- - Scales of the involucre regularly imbricated and oppressed, ovate or broadly 

 lanceolate, obtuse, ciluite, destitute of herbaceous tips. (Leaves nearly all opp,. 



2. H. atrorubCIlS, L. Rough-hairy; stem slender (2 -5 high), smooth, 

 and naked and forking above ; /mms- thin, orate or oval, or the lowest heart-shaped 

 (3' -6' long), serrate, abruptly contracted into a margined petiole; heads small, 

 corymbed; rays 10-16; pappus of 2 fringed scales. Dry soil, Virginia, Illi- 

 nois, and southward. 



.3. II. rigidllS, Desf. Sl.em stout (l-3 high), simple or sparingly 

 blanched, rou^h ; /in-s r< n/ thick and rigid, rough both sides, oblong-1di 

 usually pointed at both ends, nearly sessile, slightly serrate, the lowest oval ; 

 heads nearly solitary, pretty large; rays 20-25; pappus of 2 large and often 



! small scales. Dry prairies, Michigan to Illinois, and westward. 

 # # Disk conn.r, i/c/lnir : sea Irs of the involucre regularly imbricated and aj>,> 

 wiilt so/iti'trhiit t/iri'i.'diiii/ and acute (but notfnlinceoi:*) tij>s : hnns chi<J(i/ 0/7 

 4. II. ISCtiflortlS, Pers. Stout and rough (3-4high), branching above; 

 <-nt/-/(iin;/rili', rtry rough built .s//es, iinrrvicid into short petioles, scrr,t!< , taper- 

 pointed, the uppermost alternate and nearly entire ; heads single or corymbed, 



