COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 235 



7O. L.APPA, Tourn. BURDOCK. 



Heads many-flowered, the flowers all perfect and similar. Involucre globular; 

 the imbricated scales coriaceous and appressed at the base, tipped with an abrupt 

 and spreading awl-shaped hook -pointed appendage. Receptacle bristly. Ache- 

 nia oblong, flattened, wrinkled transversely. Pappus short, of numerous rough 

 bristles, not united at the base, deciduous. Coarse biennial weeds, with very 

 large unarmed heart-shaped and petioled leaves, the lower surface somewhat 

 woolly. Heads small, solitary or clustered: flowers purple, rarely white. 

 (Name from Aa/3elz/, to lay hold, the involucre forming a hooked bur which holds 

 tenaciously to the dress, or the fleece of animals.) 



1. JL. MA.JOR, Grcrtn. (COMMON BURDOCK.) Upper leaves ovate, the 

 lower heart-shaped ; involucre smoothish. (Arctium Lappa, L.) Waste 

 places in rich soil and around dwellings. A variety with woolly heads (L. 

 tomentosa, Lam.), rarely with pinnatifid leaves, .is occasionally seen. (Nat. 

 from Eu.) 



SUBORDER II. LiIOULIFL.OR/'E. (CICHORACE^E.) 



74. L, AM PS AN A, Tourn. NIPPLE-WORT. 



Heads 8-12-flowered. Scales of the cylindrical involucre 8, erect, in one 

 row. Receptacle naked. Achenia oblong. Pappus none. Slender branch- 

 ing herbs, with angled or toothed leaves, and loosely paniclcd small heads : 

 flowers yellow. (Name from AaTmo, to purge. It should rather be Lapsana, ad 

 written by Linnams.) 



1. It. COMMUNIS, L. Nearly smooth ; lower leaves ovate, sometimes lyre- 

 shaped. (1) Road-sides, near Boston. (Adv. from Eu.) 



72. CICHORIUM, Toura. SUCCORY or CICUORY. 



Heads several-flowered. Involucre double ; the outer of 5 short spreading 

 scales, the inner of 8-10 scales. Achenia striate. Pappus of numerous very 

 small chaffy scales, forming a short crown. Branching perennials, with deep 

 roots ; the sessile heads 2 or 3 together, axillary and terminal. Flowers bright 

 blue, showy. (Altered from the Arabian name of the plant.) 



1. C. INTYBUS, L. Stem-leaves oblong or lanceolate, partly clasping, the 

 lowest runcinate, those of the rigid flowering branches minute. Road-sides ; 

 common near the coast, especially in Mass. July -Oct. (Nat. from Eu.) 



73. K.RIGIA, Schrcber. DWARF DANDELION. 



Heads 15- 20-flowered. Scales of the involucre several, in about 2 rows. 

 Achenia top-shaped, many-striate or angled. Pappus double ; the outer of 5 

 broad and rounded chaffy scales ; the inner of as many alternate slender bris- 

 tles. Small annuals or biennials, branched from the base ; the leaves chiefly 

 radical, lyrate or toothed, the small heads terminating the naked scapes or 

 branches. Flowers yellow. (Named after D. Krieg, an early German botani- 

 cal collector in this country.) 



