298 VERBENACEJE. (VFTtVAIN FAMILY.) 



ORDER 76. VERBENACEJG. (VERVAIN FAMILY.) 



Herbs or shrub*, with opposite leaves, more or less 2-lipped or irregular 

 corolla, and tlulyixnnous stamens, the 2 - ^-celled fruit dry or drupaceous, 

 usually spliltinff when ripe into as many \-seeded indehiscent nutlets ; differ- 

 ing from the following order in the ovary not being 4-lobed, the style there- 

 fore terminal, and the plants seldom aromatic or furnishing a volatile oil. 

 Seeds with little or no albumen ; the radielc of the straight embryo point- 

 ing to the base of the fruit. Mostly tropical or nearly so ; represented 

 here only by some Vervains, a Lippia, and a Callicarpa ; to which we may 

 still append Phryma, which has been promoted into an order (of a single 

 species), because its ovary and fruit are 1-celled and 1-seeded, and the 

 radicle points to the apex of the fruit. 



1. VERBENA, L. VERVAIN. 



Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, one of the teeth often shorter than the others. Co- 

 rolla tubular, often curved, salver-form ; the border somewhat unequally 5-cleft. 

 Stamens included ; the upper pair occasionally without anthers. Style slender: 

 stigma capitate. Fruit splitting into 4 seed-like nutlets. Flowers sessile, in 

 single or often panicled spikes, bracted. (The Latin name for any sacred herb : 

 derivation obscure.) The species present numerous spontaneous hybrids. 



4 1. Anthers not appendaged : erect herbs, tuith slender spikes. 

 * Leaves undivided : root perennial. 



1. V. ail|?utif6lia, Michx. Low (6'- T 8' high), often simple; leaves 

 narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, roughish, slightly toothed ; 

 spikes few or single ; the purple flowers crowded, larger than in the next. Dry 

 soil, Penn. to Wisconsin and southward. July -Sept. 



2. T. liastata, L. (BLUE VERVAIN.) Tall (4 -6 high); leaves lanceo- 

 late or oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, cut-serrate, petiokd, the lower often lobcd and 

 sometimes halberd-shaped at the base ; spikes linear, erect, densely flowered, corymbed 

 or panicled. (V. panicul.'.ta, Lam., when the leaves are not lobed.) Low and 

 waste grounds, common. July -Sept. 



3. V. iirticifolia, L. (NETTLE-LEAVED or WHITE VERVAIN.) Rather 

 tall ; leaves oval or oblomj-ovate, acute, coarsely serrate, petioled ; spikes very slender, at 

 lent/fit much ilumjuiid, irith the flowers remote, loosely panicled, very small, white. 

 Old fields and road-sides. 



4. V. Stricta, Vent. ( HOARY VERVAIN.) Downy with soft whitish luiirs; 

 stem nearlv simple (l-2 high) ; leaves sessile, obovate or oblong, serrate; spikes 

 thick and very densely flowered, somewhat clustered, hairy. Ban-ens, Ohio to 

 Wisconsin, and southward. Aujr. Flowers blue, pretty laruv. 



* * !.!/ * <-l,ft or piniKitijid, narrouvd at the base : root perennial? 



5. V. OFFICINAL^, L. ( COMMON VKRVAIN.) Er-t, IOOM-IV branched 

 (l-3hlgh)j Inii'i-n /i/iiiKitijid or .'i-c/r/?, Moixj-lani'iulnti', sessile, smooth :ii>ove, 

 the lobes cut and toothed; spikes panicled, very slender; liracts small, much 



