394 URTICACE^E. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 



1. C. Comvtdii, Torrey. Diffusely branched, nearly smooth ; <lrupo 

 very small, dry and juiccless when ripe. (Empctnun, Toir. Tuckonn;uiiti, 

 Klotzsck. Oakesia, Tuck.) Sandy pine barrens and dry rocky places, New 

 Jersey, Long Island ; Plymouth, Massachusetts ; Bath, and islands of Peiiob- 

 seot 13ay, Maine. (Also Newfoundland.) April. Shrub 6' -9' hi-h : the 

 sterile plant handsome in flower, on account of the tufted purple filaments and 

 brown-purple anthers. (Gray, Chlor. Bar. -Am. t.l.) 



ORDER 104. URTICACE^E. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 



Plants with stipules, and moncecious, dioecious, or sometimes (in the Elm 

 Family) perfect flowers, furnished with a regular calyx, free from the l-celled 

 (iQdy -2-cellct/) ovary which forms a 1-seeded fruit ; the embryo in the albu- 

 men when this is present; the radicle pointing upwards; the stamens as many 

 as the lobes of the calyx and opposite them, or sometimes fewer. Cotyledons 

 usually broad. Stipules often deciduous. A large order (far the greater 

 part tropical), comprising four well-marked suborders, viz. : 



SUBORDER I. ULMACE^3. THE ELM FAMILY. 



Flowers perfect or monceciously polygamous. Filaments straight or 

 moderately incurved in the bud. Styles or stigmas 2. Fruit a samara or 

 drupe. Seed suspended. Trees, with a watery juice (no active or nox- 

 ious properties), and alternate leaves. 



* Fruit dry winged or crested (a samara) : anthers extrorse. 



1. ULMUS Flowers mostly perfect. Ovary- 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Fruit l-celled, winged all 



round. Embryo straight. 



2. PLANERA. Flowers polygamous. Ovary l-celled. Fruit wingless, many-crested. 



* * Fruit a drupe : anthers introrse. 



3. CELTIS. Flowers polygamous. Ovary l-celled. Cotyledons curved and crumpled. 



SUBORDER II. ARTO CARPED. THE BREAD-FRUIT & FIG FAM. 



Flowers monoecious or dioscious, crowded in catkin-like spikes or heads ; 

 the calyx, &c. becoming fleshy or juicy in fruit, but the 1- (rarely 2-) 

 celled ovary ripening as a dry acheniuin. Styles or stigmas commonly 2. 

 Mostly trees or shrubs, with a milky or yellow (acrid or poisonous) 

 juice, and alternate (rough or smooth) leaves. Stamens indexed in the 

 bud, and elastic-ally spreading when the flower opens, in the Tribe MORELS. 



4. MORUS. Fertile and sterile flowers in separate spikes. Stamens 4. Calyx berry- like in 



fruit. 



SUBORDER III. URTICE^J. THE NETTLE FAMILY. 



Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Filaments transversely wrinkled and 

 inflexed in tin- bud, straightening or spreading clastiVally when the flower 

 opens. Style or stigma simple. Ovary always l-celled, with an civet or- 

 thotropous ovule, forming an acheniuin in fruit. Embryo straight in tho 



