396 URTICACFJE. (NETTLE FAMILY.) 



rough downwards; branchlcts downy; calyx-lobes and stamens 7-9; fruit 

 ('-|' wide) with the cell pubescent. Along streams, common from W. New 

 England to Wisconsin and Kentucky. March, April. A small or middle- 

 sized tree, with tough reddish wood, and a very mucilaginous inner bark. 

 * * Flowers on slender drooping peduncles or pedicels, which are jointed above the 



middle : fruit ovate or oval, fringed-ciliate : leaves smooth and glabrous above, or 



nearly so. 



2. IT. Americana, L. (pi. Clayt.), Willd. (AMERICAN or WHITE 

 ELM.) Buds and branchlets glabrous; branches not corky; leaves obovate-oblong 

 or oval, abruptly pointed, sharply and often doubly serrate (2' -4' long), soft- 

 pubescent beneath, or soon glabrous; flowers in close fascicles ; calyx with 7-9 

 roundish lobes ; fruit glabrous except the margins (' long), its sharp points in- 

 curved and closing the notch. Moist woods, especially along rivers, in rich 

 soil ; common. April. A large and well-known ornamental tree, with spread- 

 ing branches and drooping branchlets. 



3. IT. racemosa, Thomas. (CORKY WHITE ELM.) Bud-scales downy- 

 ciliate, and somewhat pubescent, as are the young branchlets ; branches often with 

 corky ridges; leaves nearly as in the last; flowers racemed; fruit much as in the 

 last, but rather larger. River-banks, W. New England, New York, and Mich- 

 igan. April. Wood tougher and finer-grained than in the last. 



4. IT. alstta, Michx. (WINGED ELM. WHAHOO.) Bud-scales and 

 branchlets nearly glabrous ; branches corky-winged, at least some of them ; leaves 

 ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, thickish, small (l'-2 ; long), seldom 

 oblique ; calyx-lobes obovate ; fruit downy on the face, at least when young. 

 Virginia, Illinois, and southward. March. Wood fine-grained, valuable. 



U. CAMPESTRIS, L., the ENGLISH ELM, was early introduced near Boston, 

 &c. 



2. PL.ANERA, Gmel. PLANER-TREE. 



Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 4 - 5-clcft. Stamens 4-5. Ovary 

 ovoid, 1-celled, 1-ovuled, crowned with 2 spreading styles which are stigmatose 

 down the inner side, in fruit becoming coriaceous and nut-like, not winged. 

 Albumen none : embryo straight. Trees with small leaves, like those of Elms, 

 the flowers appearing with them, in small axillary clusters. (Named for J. J. 

 Planer, a German botanist.) 



1. P. aqilcitica, Gmel. Nearly glabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, small; 

 fruit stalked in the calyx, beset with irregular rough projections. Wet banks, 

 Kentucky (Michx.) and southward. April. 



3. C^JLTIS, Toura. NETTLE-TREE. HACKBERRY. 



Flowers monoeciously polygamous. Calyx 5-6-parted, persistent. Stamens 

 5-6. Ovary 1-celled, with a single suspended ovule: stigmas 2, long and 

 pointed, recurved. Fruit a globular drupe. Embryo curved, nearly enclosing 

 a little gelatinous albumen : cotyledons folded and crumpled. Leaves pointed, 

 petiolcd. Stipules caducous. Flowers greenish, axillary, the fertile solitary or 



