XVlil ARTIFICIAL KEY TO THK NATURAL ORDERS. 



Ovary compound, 1-5-cellcd, when l-oelled tho 2 several placentae pariettd. 

 Sepals persistent, 4 - 7 in number 



Leaves punctate with transparent or dark dots, all opposite. IIYPERIC AC E.SJ, 48 



Leaves not punctate, all or some of them alternate. 



Ovary and pod not lobed, 1-celled or partly so : ovules orthotropous. CISTACE55, 45 



Ovary and pod 3 - 7-horned or lobed, 1-celled, opening early. IIESEDACE^E, 41 



Ovary and pod 5-celled Style umbrella-shaped. SARRACENIACE.E, 23 



Sepals caducous, only 2 or 3. Juice milky or colored. PA I' AVERAGES, 24 



Sepals deciduous, 5 in number, valvate in the bud. TIL1ACEJE, 69 



* * Stamens united with the base of the (hypogynous) petals. 



Calyx valvate in the bud. Stamens monadelpbous : anthers 1-celled. MALVACEAE, 65 



Calyx imbricated in the bud. Authors 2-celled. Trees or shrubs. GAMELLIACE^E, 70 



* * * Stamens and petals inserted on the calyx (perigynous). 



Leaves alternate, with stipules. Pistils 1 - few-seeded. ROSACES, 110 



Leaves opposite, no stipules. Calyx-tube enclosing the ovaries. CALYCANTUACE2E, 126 



2. Calyx more or less coherent with the surface of the ovary ; i. e. ovary inferior or partly so. 

 Leaves with stipules, alternate. Poinese in ROSACES, 110 



Leaves without stipules. (In Cactaceae there are no proper leaves.) 

 Ovary 1-celled, with parietal placentae. 



Fleshy and leafless plants : sepals and petals many, and much alike. CACTACE.ZE, 136 

 Rough-leaved plants : calyx-lobes 5 : petals 5 or 10. LOASACEJE, 135 



Ovary 1 - 6-celled more than half free from the calyx, with a many-seeded placenta in the 



axis : pod circumcissile, the upper part falling off as a lid. PORTULACACEvE, 63 

 Ovary 2-celled, half free : styles 2 : pod 2-beaked, 2-seeded. HAMAMELACEJ3, 147 



Ovary 3 - 4-celled (style 1 ) with 1-4 ovules in the axis of each cell. STYRAC AGILE, 265 



Ovary 3 -5-celled (styles separate at the top) : ovules and seeds very numerous on pla- 

 centas projecting from the axis. Philadelphus in SAXIFRAGACE2E, 141 

 Ovary and berry-like pod 10 - 30-celled, many -seeded on the partitions. N YMPILZEACEJE, 22 



B. Stamens of the same number as the petals, and opposite them. 



Pistils 3 -6, separate. Flowers dioecious. Woody vines. MENISPERMACE^E, 1* 



Pistil only one : ovary 1-celled. 



Style or stigma 1, simple : anthers opening by uplifted valves. BERBERIDACE2E, 19 



Style and stigma 1 : anthers opening lengthsvise. PRIMULACE^, 270 



Styles 5. Calyx funnel-form, dry. Ovule and seed solitary. PLUMBAGlNACEyE, 270 



Style 3-cleft at the apex. Calyx 2-leaved. t-ecds few. PORTULACACEJS, 63 



Pistil only one : ovary 2 - 4-celled 



Calyx very short, 4 - 5-toothed, or the limb obsolete. Petals valvate. VITACEJ2, 77 



Calyx 4 - 5-cleft, valvate in the bud Petals involute. RHAMNACE^E, 78 



C. Stamens when of the same number as the petals alternate with them, sometimes twice at 



many, sometimes fewer. 

 1. Calyx free from the ovary. 



* Leaves punctate with transparent (or sometimes blackish) dots. 



Flowers perfect. Leaves entire and simple, opposite. 1IYPERICACEJE, 48 



Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Leaves compound or divided. RUTACEvE, 74 



* * Leaves not punctate with transparent dots. 



+- Pistils one or more, simple, i. e. of one carpel. 



Stamens inserted on the receptacle (hypogynous). Stipules none. 



Flowers dioecious. Fruit a drupe. Woody climbers MJEiNISPERMACE^!, 18 



Flowers mostly perfect. Herbs, rarely somewhat shrubby plants. RANUNCULACE^i, 2 

 Stamens inserted on the base or tube of the calyx (perigynous). 



Flower mostly papilionaceous or otherwise irregular. Pbtil only one. LEQUMINOS^, 88 

 Flower regular. Pistils 1 - several. 



