BERBERIDACE^E. (BARBERRY FAMILY.) 19 



on one side. Embryo foliaceous, heart-shaped. Flowers greenish-white, in 

 long racemose panicles. (Name composed of KaAu, a cup, and Kapiros, fruit, 

 from the shape of the shell.) 



1. C. JLyoiti, Nutt. (Menispermum Lyoni, Pursh.) Rich soil, S. Ken- 

 tucky. May. Stems climbing to the tops of trees. Leaves large, thin, deeply 

 3 - 5-lobed, cordate at the base ; the lobes acuminate. Drupe an inch long, 

 globular, greenish ; the shell crested-toothed on the edge of the cavity. 



ORDER 5. BERBERIDACE^E. (BARBERRY FAMILY.) 



Shrubs or herbs, with the sepals and petals both imbricated in the bud in 2 

 or more rows of 2-4 each ; the hypogynous stamens as many as the petals 

 and opposite them: anthers opening by 2 valves or lids hinged at the top. 

 (Podophyllum is an exception, and Jeffersonia as respects the sepals in one 

 row.) Pistil single. Filaments short. Style short or none. Fruit a ber- 

 ry or a pod. Seeds few or several, anatropous, with albumen. Leaves 

 alternate. 



Synopsis. 



I. KKKBERIDEJE. Shrubs. Embryo large : cotyledons flat. (Berries acid 

 and innocent. Bark astringent ; the wood yellow.) 



1. BERBERIS. Petals 6, each 2-glandular at the base. 



TBIBE IT. NANDINE^J. Herbs. Embryo short or minute. (Roots and foliage some- 

 times drastic or poisonous.) 



* Anthers opening by uplifted valves. 



2. CAULOPHYLLUM. Petals 6, thick and gland-like, short. Ovules 2, soon naked 

 8. DIPHYLLEIA. Petals 6, flat, much longer than the calyx. Berry 2 -4-seeded. 

 4. JEFFERSONIA. Petals 8. Pod many-seeded, opening on one side by a lid. 



* * Anthers not opening by uplifted valves. 

 i. PODOPIIYLLUM. Petals 6-9. Stamens 6 - 18 ! Fruit pulpy, many-seeded. 



< 1. BERBERIS, L. BARBERRY. 



Sepals 6, roundish, with 2 or 6 bractlets outside. Petals 6, obovate, concave, 

 with 2 glandular spots inside above the short claw. Stamens 6. Stigma cir- 

 cular, depressed. Fruit a 1 -few-seeded berry. Seeds erect, with a crustaceous 

 integument. Shrubs, with yellow wood and inner bark, yellow flowers in 

 drooping racemes, and sour berries and leaves. Stamens irritable. (Derived 

 from Berbcrys, the Arabic name of the fruit.) 



1. B. VCLGARIS, L. (COMMON BARBERRY.) Leaves scattered on the 

 fresh shoots of the season, mostly small and with sharp-lobed margins, or re- 

 duced to sharp triple or branched spines ; from which the next season proceed 

 rosettes or fascicles of obovate-oblong closely bristly-toothed leaves, and droop- 

 ing many-flowered racemes ; petals entire ; berries oblong, scarlet. Thickets and 

 waste grounds, in E. New England, where it has become thoroughly wild : else- 

 where rarely spontaneous. May, June. (Nat. from Eu.) 



2. B. Canadensis, Pursh. (AMERICAN BARBERRY.) Leaves re- 

 pandly-toothed, the teeth less bristly-pointed ; racemes few-flowered ; petali 



