VIOLACE^E. (VIOLET FAMILY.) 43 



7. V. cucullata, Ait. (COMMON BLUE VIOLET.) Leaves all long- 

 petioled and upright, heart-shaped with a broad sinus, varying to kidney-shaped and 

 dilated-triangular, smooth, or more or less pubescent, the sides at the base rolled 

 inwards when young, obtusely serrate ; lateral and often the lower petals bearded-, 

 spur short and thick; stigma obscurely beaked or beakless. Low grounds, 

 common everywhere. April -June. Very variable in size, &c. and in the 

 color and size of the (usually large) flowers, which are deep or pale violet-blue 

 or purple, sometimes nearly white, or variegated with white. Scapes 3' -10' 

 high. Passes by intermediate forms of all sorts into 



Var. palmata. (HAND-LEAF VIOLET.) Leaves variously 3 -7 '-cleft or 

 parted, or the earlier ones entire on the same individual. (V. palmata, L.) 

 Common, especially southward. 



8. V. villosa, Walt., Nutt. (HAIRY VIOLET.) Leaves mostly short- 

 petioled and lying flat on the ground, orbicular of round-heart-shaped with a narrow 

 01 closed sinus, hairy especially above, or nearly smooth, thickish ; lateral and 

 mostly the lower petals bearded; spur short and thick; stigma beaked. (V. 

 cordifolia, Schwein. V. sororia, Le Conte, &c., scarcely of Willd.) Dry hills 

 and woods, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and southward. April, May. Smaller 

 than the last, 2' -4' high: "corolla reddish-blue." Probably only a round 

 leaved variety of the next. 



9. V sagittata, Ait. (ARROW-LEAVED VIOLET.) Snioothish or 

 hairy ; leaves on short and margined, or the later often on long and naked petioles, 

 varying from oblong-heart-shaped to halberd-shaped, an-ow-shaped, oblong-lanceolate 

 or ovate, denticulate, sometimes cut-toothed near the base, the lateral or occasion- 

 ally all the (purple-blue) petals bearded; spur short and thick; stigma beaked. 

 (V. ovata, Nutt., & V. emarginata, Le Conte, are states of this variable species.) 



Dry or moist open 'places, New England to Illinois and southward. April, 

 May. Flowers rather large. 



10. V. delpliinifolia, Nutt. (LARKSPUR VIOLET.) Leaves all pal- 

 mately or pedately 5 - 7 '-parted, the divisions 2 - 3-clcft ; lobes linear ; lateral petals 

 bearded; stigma short-beaked. Rich prairie soil, Illinois and westward. April. 



Much resembles the next. 



11. V. pedata, L. (BIRD-FOOT VIOLET.) Nearly smooth; leaves all 

 3-5-divided, or the earliest only parted, the lateral divisions 2-3-parted, all 

 linear or narrowly spatulate, sometimes 2 - 3-toothcd or cut at the apex ; petab 

 beardless; stigma nearly beakless. Sandy or gravelly soil, New England to 

 Illinois and southward. May. Flower large and handsome, 1' broad, pale or 

 deep lilac-purple or blue; the two upper petals sometimes deep violet and vel- 

 vety like a Pansy. 



* =fc Leafy-stemmed, from subterranean perennial rootstocks. 



*- Stems leafy from the base to the summit, branching flowers not yellow, sometimes 

 produced all summer long, 



12. V. rostrata, Pursh. (LONG-SPURRED VIOLET.) Stems ascending 

 (3' -6' high); leaves roundish-heart-shaped, serrate, the upper acute; stipules 

 lanceolate, fringe-toothed, large ; spur slender, longer than the pale violet beardless 

 petals; style straight and slender; stigma terminal, beakless. Shaded hill- 



