86 FOLYGALACE^E. (MILKWORT FAMILY.) 



nam }, :rom TroXvs, much, and -ydXa, milk, from a fancied property of its bv 

 creasing this secretion.) 



* Biennial (6' - 12' high) : flowers yellow : crest of the keel small 



1. P liMca, L. Flowers in solitary ovate or oblong Jieads, terminating the 

 stem or simple branches (bright orange-yellow)', leaves (l'-2'long) obovate or 

 spatulate ; lobes of the caruncle nearly as long as the seed. Sandy swamps, New 

 Jersey and southward, near the coast. June - Sept. Stems at first simple. 

 Head of flowers $' in diameter, showy. 



2. P. raiiiosa. Ell. Flowers (citron-yellow) in numerous short and dense 

 spike-like racemes collected in a flat-topped compound cyme ; leaves oblong-linear, 

 the lowest spatulate or obovate ; seeds ovoid, minutely hairy, twice the length of 

 the caruncle. (P. cymosa, Poir., not of Walt. P. corymbosa, Nutt.) Damp 

 pine-barrens, New Jersey ? Delaware, and southward. Flowers turning green 

 in drying. (The allied P. CYM6SA, Walt., which is P. graminifolia, Poir., P. 

 attenuata, Nutt., P. acutifolia, Torr. Sf Gray, known by its simpler cymes, 

 stem naked above, narrower leaves, and globular seeds with no caruncle,-- 

 probably occurs in S. Virginia.) 



* * Annual : flowers purple or white, in spikes ; no subterranean blossoms : crest of 



the keel minute, except in Nos. 3, 9, and 10. 

 *- Leaves all alternate or scattered : flowers purple or flesh-color. 



3. P. iiica.rna.ta, L. Glaucous ; stem slender, simple or sparingly 

 branched (1 high) ; leaves small, linear-awl-shaped; spike oblong or cylindri- 

 cal ; wings much shorter than the conspicuously crested corolla ; claws of the petals 

 united in a very long and slender cleft tube ; caruncle 2-lobed, longer than the stalk 

 of the hairy seed. Dry soil, Maryland and Ohio to Wisconsin and southward. 

 July. 



4. P. sanguinea, L. Stem branched at the top (& - 10' high) ; leaves 

 oblong-linear ; spikes roundish or oblong, dense, very obtuse ; vrings broadly ovate, 

 obtuse; caruncle almost as long as the seed. (P. purpurea, Nutt.) Sandy and 

 moist ground; common. July -Sept. Spikes ' thick, reddish-purple: the 

 axis, as in Nos. 5 and 6, beset with the persistent awl-shaped scaly bracts after 

 the flowers have fallen. 



5. P. fastigiata, Nutt. Stem slender, at length much branched above , 

 leaves linear ; spikes short ; wings ovate-oblong, tapering at the base into distinct 

 claws ; caruncle as long as, and nearly enveloping, the stalk-like base of the minutely 

 hairy seed. (P. sanguinea, Torr. $ Gr., excl. syn. ; not of Nutt., nor L.) 

 Pine barrens of New Jersey (Nuttall) to Kentucky and southward. Spikes 

 looser, and the rose-purple flowers much smaller, than in No. 4, brighter-colored 

 than in the next, which it most resembles. 



6. P. Nuttallii, Torr. & Gr. (Fl. 1, p. 670, cxcl. syn., & descr.) Stem 

 branched above (4' -9' high); leaves linear; spikes oblong, dense; wings ellip- 

 tical, on very short claws ; caruncle small and applied to one side of the stalk-like base 

 of the vert/ hairy seed. (P. sanguinea, Nutt., not of L. P. Mariana, &c., Pluk., 

 t. 437. P. ambigua, Torr. & Gr., Fl, not of Nutt.) Dry sandy soil, coast of 

 Massachusetts to Penn. and southward. Aug. Spikes 4' ' n diameter; the 

 flowers light purple and greenish, duller-colored than in the last, with thicker 



