UMBELLIFER^E. (PARSLEY FAMILY.) 149 



in hard, horn-like albumen. Stems usually hollow. Leaves alternate, 

 mostly compound, the petioles expanded or sheathing at the base. Um- 

 bels usually compound; when the secondary ones are termed umbellels : 

 each often subtended by a whorl of bracts (involucre and involucels}. 

 A large family, some of the plants innocent and aromatic, others with 

 very poisonous (acrid-narcotic) properties ; the flowers much alike in all, 

 therefore to be studied by their fruits, inflorescence, &c., which like- 

 wise exhibit comparatively small diversity. The family is therefore a 

 difficult one for the young student. 



Synopsis. 



I. Inner face of each seed flat or nearly so (not hollowed out). 



* Umbels simple or imperfect, sometimes one growing from the summit of another 



1. HYD110COTYLE. Fruit orbicular, flat. Leaves orbicular or rounded. 



2. CRANTZIA. Fruit globular. Leaves thread-shaped, fleshy and hollow. 



* * Umbels or umbellets capitate, imperfect : i. e. the flowers sessile hi heads. 



3. SANICULA. Fruit clothed with hooked prickles. Flowers polygamous. 



4. ERYNGIUM. Fruit clothed with scales. Flowers in thick heads, perfect. 



* * * Umbels compound and perfect ; i. e. its rays bearing umbellets. 



H- Fruit beset with bristly prickles, not flat. 



6. DAUCUS. Fruit beset with weak prickles in single rows on the ribs. 



- +- Fruit smooth, strongly flattened on the back, and single-winged or margined at the June 

 tion of the 2 carpels (next to the commissure). 



6. POLYTJENIA. Fruit surrounded with a broad and tumid corky margin thicker than th 



fruit itself, which is nearly ribless on the back. 



7. HERACLEUM. Fruit broadly wing-margined : the carpels minutely 5-ribbed on the back : 



lateral ribs close to the margin. Flowers white, the marginal ones radiant. 



8. PASTINACA. Fruit wing-margined : ribs of the carpels as in No. 7. Flowers yellow, the 



marginal ones perfect, not radiant. 



9. ARCHEMORA Fruit broadly winged : the 5 ribs on the back equidistant ; the 2 lateral 



ones close to the wing. Flowers white. Leaves pinnate or 3-foliolate. 



10. TIEDEMANNIA. Fruit winged, much as in No. 9. Leaves simple, long and cylindrical, 



hollow, with some cross partitions. 



- -!- Fruit smooth, flat or flattish on the back, and double-winged or margined at the edge, 

 each carpel also 3-ribbed or sometimes 3- winged on the back. 



11. ANGELICA Carpels with 3 slender ribs on the back ; a single oil-tube in each interval. 



Seed not loose. 



12. ARCIIANGELICA. Carpels with 3 rather stout ribs on the back, and 2-3 or more oil- 



tubes in each interval, adhering to the loose seed. 



13. CONIOSELINUM. Carpels with 3 wings on the back narrower than those of the margins. 

 *---- Fruit smooth, not flattened either way, or slightly so, the cross-section nearly orbic- 

 ular or quadrate ; the carpels each with 5 wings or strong ribs. 



14. .ffiTHUSA. Fruit ovate-globose : carpels with 5 sharply keeled ridges, and with single oil 



tubes in the intervals. 



15. LIGUSTICUM. Fruit elliptical : carpels with 5 sharp almost winged ridges, and with 



several oil-tubes in each interval. 



16. THASPIUM. Fruit elliptical or ovoid : carpels 5-winged or 5-ribbed, and with single oil- 



tubes in each interval. Flowers yellow or dark purple. 



- - >- *- -i- Fruit smooth, flattened laterally or contracted at the sides, wingless. 

 17 ZIZIA. Flowers yellow. Fruit oval, somewhat twin : the carpels narrowly 5-ribbed : oil- 

 tubes 3 in each interval. Leaves compound. 

 13* 



