UMBELLIFEIUB. (PARStEY FA>ULY.) 151 



2. CRANTZIA, Nutt. CBAXTZIA. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit globose ; the carpels corky, 5-ribbed : an oil-tube 

 in each interval. Minute plants, creeping and rooting in the mud, like Hydro- 

 cotyle, but with fleshy and hollow cylindrical or awl-shaped petioles, in place c t 

 leaves, marked with cross divisions. Umbels few-flowered, simple. Flowers 

 white. (Named for Prof. Crantz, an Austrian botanist of the 18th century.) 



1. C. liweiitn, Nutt. (Hydrocotyle lineata, Michx.) Leaves somewhat 

 club-shaped, very obtuse (l'-2' long) ; lateral ribs of the fruit projecting, form- 

 ing a corky margin. 1J. Brackish marshes, from Massachusetts southward 

 along the coast. July. 



3. SANICUL.A, Tourn. SANICLE. BLACK SNAKEROOT. 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Fruit globular ; the carpels not separating 

 spontaneously, ribless, thickly clothed with hooked prickles, each with 5 oil- 

 tubes. Perennial herbs, with palmately-Iobed or parted leaves, those from the 

 root long-petioled. Umbels irregular or compound, the flowers (greenish or 

 yellowish) capitate in the umbellets, perfect, and with staminate ones intermixed 

 Involucre and involucels few-leaved. (Name from sano, to heal.) 



1. S. Cana.Aensis, L. Leaves 3 -5- (the upper only 3-) parted; sterile 

 flowers few, scarcely pedicelled, shorter than the fertile ones ; styles shorter than tht 

 prickles of the fruit. Copses. June -Aug. Plant l-2 high, with thin 

 leaves; their divisions wedge-obovato or oblong, sharply cut and serrate, the 

 lateral mostly 2-lobed. Fruits few in each umbellet. 



2. S. IVSaril^Bldicn, L. Leaves all 5 - 7-parted ; sterile flowers numerous, 

 on slender pedicels, about the length of the fertile ; styles elongated and conspicuous, 

 recurved. Woods and copses, common. Stem 2 -3 high ; the leaves more 

 rigid and with narrower divisions than in the former, with almost cartilaginous 

 teeth. Fruits several in each umbellet. 



4, ERlf'NGIUUff Tourn. BUTTOX SXAKEROOT. 



Calyx-teeth manifest, persistent. Styles slender. Fruit top-shaped, covered 

 with little scales or tubercles, with no ribs, and scarcely any oil-tubes. Chiefly 

 perennials, with coriaceous, toothed, cut, or prickly leaves, and blue or white 

 bracted flowers closely sessile in dense heads. (A name used by Dioscoridca, 

 of uncertain origin.) 



1. E. yucca) folium, Michx. (RATTLESNAKE-MASTER. BDTTOX 

 SXAKEROOT.) Leaves linear, taper-pointed, rigid, grass-l-ifa, nerved, bristly- 

 fri'i<j(d ; leaflets of the involucre mostly entire and shorter than the heads. 1J. 

 (E. aquatic-urn. L. in part; but it never grows in water.) Dry or damp pino- 

 barrens or prairies, New Jersey to Wisconsin, and southward. July. 



2. E. Virginia :i u m. Lain. Leaves linear-lanceolate, serrate irit/i hooked 

 or somewhat spin// teeth, veiny; leaflets of the involucre cleft or spiny -tcothed, 

 longer than the cymose whitish or blui&h heads. <g) Swamps, New Jersey 

 nd southward near the OA*t. July. 



