156 UMBELLIFER^. (PARSLEY FAI\fILT.) 



Var. iipte I'll m. Fruit with strong and sharp ribs in place of wingf 

 (Smyrnium aurcum, L. Zizia aurea, Koch.) With the winged form. 



4. T. ti'ifoliatlllll. Root-leaves or some of them round and I fart-shaped; 

 stem-leaves simply tc-rnate or quinate, or 3-ptt/icd ; the divisions or hitflct.s ovate-lance- 

 olate or roundish, mostly abrupt or heart-shaped at the base, crrmtfdy toothed ; 

 flowers deep yellow ; fruit tjhjioxi-ai-o'nl, with 1 ) winged ridges. Rocky thickets, 

 Vermont to Wisconsin, and southward ; rare eastward. June. 



Var. atroplll'pUl'Clini, Torr. & Or. Petals deep dark-purple. (TlrUp- 

 sia trifbliata, L. Smyrnium cordatum, \r<ilt. Thaspium atropurpureum, Nutt.) 

 From New York westward and southward. 



Var. apterum. Petals yellow : fruit with sharp ribs in place of wings. 

 (Zizia eordata, Koch, Torr.) With the preceding form. 



17. ZIZIA, DC. partly. (ZiziA T.ENIDIA, Torr. & Or.) 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovoid-oblong, contracted at the junction of the 

 carpels so as to become twin, the cross-section of each seed nearly orbicular : 

 carpels somewhat fleshy when fresh, with 5 slender ribs (which are more con 

 spicuous when dry) : oil-tubes 3 in each interval and 4 on the inner face. A 

 perennial smooth and glaucous slender herb (2 -3 high), with 2 - 3-ternately 

 compound leaves, the leaflets with entire margins ; umbels with long and slen- 

 der rays, no involucre, and hardly any involucels. Flowers yellow. (Named 

 for 7. B. Zlz, a Rhenish botanist.) 



1. Z. integerrima, DC. Rocky hill-sides ; not rare. May, June. 



18. BUPL.EIJRIJITI, Tourn. THOROUGH-WAX. 



Calyx-teeth obsolete. Fruit ovate-oblong, flattened laterally or somewhat 

 twin, the carpels 5-ribbed, with or with6ut oil-tubes. Plants with simple entire 

 leaves and yellow flowers. (Name from /3o)s, an ox, and 7i\(vpov, a rib ; it is 

 uncertain why so called.) 



1. 15. ROTUNDIF6LIUM, L. Leaves broadly ovate, pel-foliate ; involucre 

 none; involucels of 5 large ovate leaflets. Fields, New York, Penn., and Vir- 

 ginia; rare. (Adv. from Eu.) 



19. DISCOPI^EIJRA, DC. MOCK BISHOP-WEED. 



Calyx -teeth awl-shaped. Fruit ovoid ; the carpels each with 3 strong ribs on 

 the back, and 2 broad lateral ones united with a thickened corky margin : inter- 

 vals with single oil-tubes. Smooth and slender branched annuals, with the 

 leaves finely dissected into bristle-form divisions, and white flowers. Involucre 

 and involucels conspicuous. (Name from fiiWoy, a didc, and ir\evp6v, a rib.) 



1. I>. capillacea, DC. Umbel few-rayed; leaflets of the involucre 

 3-5-clcft; involucels longer than the mnbellets ; fin it ovate in outline. 

 BrackHi swamps, Massachusetts to Virginia, and southward. July -Oct. 



2. D. IVuf f allii, DC. Umbel many-rayed ; leaflets of the involucre 

 mostly entire and shorter; fruit globular. Wet prairies, Kentucky and south- 

 ward. 



