CORNACE^E. (DOGWOOD FAMILY.) 161 



]. CORN US, Tourn. CORNEL. DOGWOOD. 



Flowers perfect (or in some foreign species dioecious). Calyx minutely 4 

 toothed. Petals 4, oblong, spi-eading. Stamens 4 : filaments slender. Style 

 slender: stigma terminal, flat or capitate. Drupe small, with a 2-celled and 2- 

 scedcd stone. Leaves opposite (except in one species), entire. Flowers small, 

 in open naked cymes, or in close heads which are surrounded by a corolla-like 

 involucre. (Name from cornu, a horn; alluding to the hardness of the wood.) 



1. Flowers greenish) collected in a head or close cluster, ichich is surrounded by a 

 large <md showy, 4-leaved, corolla-like, white involucre : fruit briyht red. 



1. C. CaiiadcnsiS, L. (DWARF CORNEL. BUNCH-BERRY.) Stems 

 low and simple (5' -7' high) from a slender creeping and subterranean rather 

 woody trunk ; leaves scarcely petioled, the lower scale-like, the upper crowded 

 into an apparent whorl in sixes or fours, ovate or oval, pointed ; leaves of the 

 involucre ovate; fruit globular. Damp cold woods, common northward. June. 



2. C. Iloi'idsi, L. (FLOWKKING DOG \VOOD.) Leaves ovate, pointed, 

 acutish at the base; leaves of the involucre inversely heart-shaped or notched (l^ 1 

 long) ; fruit oral. Rocky woods ; more common southward. May, June. 

 Tree 12 -30 high, very showy in flower, scarcely less so in fruit. 



2. Flowers ivhite, in open and flat spreading cymes : involucre none: fruit spherical. 

 * Leaves all opposite : shrubs. 



3. C. circinata, L'Her. (ROUND-LEAVED CORNEL or DOGWOOD.) 

 Branches greenish, warty-dotted ; leaves round-oval, abruptly pointed, ivoolly under- 

 neath (4' -5' broad) ; cymes flat; fruit light blue. Copses ; in rich soil. June. 



Shrub 6- 10 high. Leaves larger than in any other species. 



4. C. SCl'icea, L. (SILKY CORNEL. KINNIKINNIK.) Branches pur- 

 plish ; the branchlets, stalks, and lower surface of the narrowly ovate or elliptical 

 pointed leaves silky-downy (often rusty), pale and dull ; cymes flat, close ; calyx- 

 teeth lanceolate ; fruit, pale blue. Wet places ; common. June. Shrub 3 

 10 high. Flowers yellowish- white. 



5. C. Stolonifera, Michx. (RED-OSIER DOGWOOD.) Branches, espe- 

 cially the osier-like annual shoots, bright red-purple, smooth ; leaves ovate, rounded at 

 the base, abruptly short-pointed, roughish with a minute close pubescence on 

 both sides, whitish underneath ; cymes small and flat, rather few-flowered, nearly 

 smooth ; fruit ivhite or lead-color. Wet banks of streams ; common, especially 

 northward. It multiplies by prostrate or subterranean suckers, and forms large 

 dense clumps, 3 - 6 high. June. 



6. C. asperifolia, Michx. (ROUGH-LEAVED DOGWOOD.) Branches 

 brownish; the branchlets, frc. rough-pubescent; leaves oblong or ovate, on very short 

 petioles, pointed, rough with a harsh pubescence above, and owny beneath ; calyx- 

 teeth minute. Dry or sandy soil, Illinois and southward. May, June. 



7. C. strict:*, Lam. (STIFF CORNEL.) Branches brownish or reddish, 

 smooth ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, acutish at the base, glabrous, 

 of nearly the same hue both sides ; cymes loose, flattish ; anthers and fruit pale blue, 



Swamps, &c. Virginia and southward. April, May. Shrub 8 - 15 high. 



14* 



