CAPRIFOLIACE.fi. (HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY.) 167 



flowers m compound oymes. (Name from o-appvKrj, an ancient musical instra 

 ment, supposed to have been made of Elder-wood. ) 



1. S. Canadciisis, L. (COMMON ELDER.) Stems scarcely woody 

 (5 -10 high); leaflets 7-11, oblong, smooth, the lower often 3-parted; cymes 

 flat ; fruit black-purple. Rich soil, in open places. June. 



2. S. pftbciis, Michx. (RED-BERRIED ELDER.) Stems woody (2- 

 13 high), the bark warty; leaflets 5-7, ovate-lanceolate, downy underneath; cymes 

 panicled, convex or pyramidal ; fruit bright red (rarely white). Rocky woods ; 

 chiefly northward, and southward in the mountains. May : the fruit ripening 

 in June. 



7 1 . VIBtlBNUM, L. ARROW-WOOD. LAURESTINUS. 



Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla spreading, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Stigmas 

 1-3. Fruit a 1-celled, 1-seeded drupe, with thin pulp and a crustaceous flat- 

 tened stone. Shrubs, with simple leaves, and white flowers in flat compound 

 cymes. Petioles sometimes bearing little appendages like stipules. Leaf-buds 

 naked, or in No. 9 scaly. (The classical Latin name, of unknown meaning.) 



$ 1. Flowers all alike and perfect. (Fruit blue or black, glaucous.) 

 * Leaves entire., or toothed, not lobed. 



1. V. 31 lid n m, L. ( WITHE-ROD.) Leaves thickish, oval, oblong or 

 lanceolate, dotted beneath, like the short petioles and cymes, with small brownish scales, 

 smooth above, not shining, the margins entire or wavy-crenate ; cyme short-peduncled ; 

 fruit round-ovoid. Var. 1. CLAYT6NI has the leaves nearly entire, the veins 

 somewhat prominent underneath, and grows in swamps from Massachusetts 

 near the coast to Virginia and southward. Var. 2. CASSINOIDES (V. pyrifo- 

 lium, Pursh, frc.) has more opaque and often toothed leaves ; and grows in cold 

 swamps from Pennsylvania northward. May, June. Shrub 6 - 10 high. 



2. V. pruilifolillill, L. (BLACK HAW.) Leaves broadly oval, obtuse 

 at both ends, finely and sharply serrate, shining above, smooth ; petioles naked ; 

 cymes sessile; fruit ovoid-oblong. Dry copses, S. New York to Ohio, and 

 southward. May. A tree-like shrub, very handsome in flower and foliage. 



3. V. Lent&go, L. (SWEET VIBURNUM. SHEEP-BERRY.) Leaves 

 ovate, strongly pointed, closely and very sharply serrate, smooth, the long margined 

 petioles with the midrib and branches of the sessile cyme sprinkled with rusty 

 glands when young ; fruit oval. Copses, common. May, June. Tree 

 15 -20 high, handsome; the fruit ' long, turning from red to blue-black, 

 and edible in autumn. 



4. V. olJOvfltlUlB, Walt. Leaves obovate, obtuse, entire or denticulate, gla- 

 brous, thickish, small (!'-!' long), shining; cymes sessile, small. River-banks, 

 Virginia and southward. May. Shrub 2 - 8 high. 



5. V. (leiltfitlllll, L. (ARROW-WOOD.) Smooth; leaves broadly ovate, 

 coarsely and sharply toothed, strongly straight-veined, on slender petioles ; cyrnes pe 

 duncled; fruit (small) ovoid-globose, blue. Wet places; common. June. 

 Shrub 5 - 10 high, with ash-colored bark ; thepale leaves often with hairy Tufts 

 in the: axils of the strong veins, 



