1G8 RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



ti. V, piibc'SCC'HS, Pursh. (DOWNY ARROW-WOOD.) Leaves ovate or 

 oblong-ovate, acute or pointed, coarsely toothed, rather strong! v straight-veined, 

 llie lower surface and the very short petioles velvety-downy; cymes peduucled; fruit 

 ovoid. Rocks, W. Vermont to Wisconsin and Kentucky. June. Shrub 

 straggling, 2 -4 high. (V. molle, Michx. is probably a form of this.) 

 * * Leaves 3-lobcd, roundish ; the lobes pointed. 



7. V. accrifoliiim, L. (MAPLE-LEAVED ARROW-WOOD. DOCK- 

 MACKIE.) Leaves 3-ribbed and roundish or heart-shaped at the base, downy under- 

 ncath, coarsely and unequally toothed, the veins and stalks hairy ; cymes long- 

 peduncled, many-flowered ; fruit oval ; filaments long. Rocky woods, common. 

 May, June. Shrub 3 - 5 high. 



8. V. paiiciflorillll, Pylaie. Smooth, or nearly so ; leaves mostly trun- 

 cate and 5-ribbed at the base, with 3 short lobes at the summit, unequally serrate 

 throughout ; cymes small and simple, peduncled ; filaments shorter than the corolla. 

 Cold woods, mountains of N. Hampshire and New York ; Wisconsin and north- 

 ward. (V. Oxycoccus, var. eradiation, OaJces.) A low straggling shrub, with 

 larger leaves than No. 6, serrate all round, and less deeply lobed than in No. 8. 



2. 6PULUS, Tourn. Marginal fiowers of the cyme destitute of stamens and 

 pistils, and with corollas many times larger than the others, forming a kind of 

 ray, as in Hydrangea. 



9. V. OpulllS, L. (CRANBERRY-TREE.) Nearly smooth, upright; leaves 

 strongly 3-lobed, broadly wedge-shaped or truncate at the base, the spreading lobes 

 pointed, toothed on the sides, entire in the sinuses ; petioles bearing stalked 

 glands at the base; cymes peduncled; fruit ovoid, red. (V. Oxycoccus and V. 

 edule, Pursh.) Shrub 5 -10 high, showy in flower. The acid fruit is used 

 as a (poor) substitute for cranberries, whence the name High Cranberry-bush, &c. 



The well-known SNOW-BALL TREE, or GUELDER-ROSE, is a cultivated state, 

 with the whole cyme turned into large sterile flowers. (Eu.) 



10. V. lantanoidcs, Michx. (HOBBLE-BUSH. AMERICAN WAYFAR- 

 ING-TREE.) Leaves round-ovate, abruptly pointed, heart-shaped at the base, closely 

 serrate, many-veined ; the veins and veinlets underneath, along with the stalks 

 and branchlets, very scurfy with rusty-colored tufts of minute down ; cymes sessile, 

 very broad and flat ; fruit ovoid, crimson turning blackish. Cold moist woods, 

 New England to Penn. and northward, and southward in the Alleghanies. May. 



A straggling shrub ; the long, procumbent branches often taking root. Flow- 

 ers handsome. Leaves 4'- 8' across. 



ORDER 56. RUBIACE^E. (MADDER FAMILY.) 



Shrubs or herbs, with opposite entire leaves connected by interposed stipules, 

 or rarely in whorls without apparent stipules, the calyx coherent with the 2-4 

 celled ovary, the stamens as many as the lobes of the regular corolla (3 - 5), 

 and inserted on its tube. Fruit various. Seeds anatropous or amplntro- 

 f>ous. Kmbr\o commonly pivffy lar<j<\ in copious 1i;ir<l albumen. A very 

 large family, the, greater part, and all its most important plants (such as 



