COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 1*79 



t- - Receptacle chaffy. 



Bays neutral (rarely pistillate but sterile) ; the disk-flowers perfect and fertile 

 Receptacle elevated (varying from strongly convex to columnar), and 



Chaffy only at the summit ; the chaff deciduous. Pappus none. . No. 61. 



Chaffy throughout. Achenia flattened laterally if at all. . .86-40. 



Receptacle flat. Achenia flattened parallel with the scales or chaff. . 41, 42, 



Rays pistillate and fertile ; the disk-flowers also perfect and fertile. 



Acheuia much flattened laterally, 1 - 2-awned 43. 



Achenia flattened parallel with the scales and chaff. Pappus none. ... 53. 



Achenia 3 - 4-angular, terete or laterally flattish, awnless. 



Receptacle convex or conical. Leaves alternate, dissected. . ... 52. 

 Receptacle conical. Leaves opposite, simple. 



Achenia obovoid. Involucre a leafy cup. 82. 



Achenia 4-angular. Involucre of separate scales 35. 



Receptacle flat. Leaves opposite and simple. 38, 34. 



Bays pistillate and fertile : the disk-flowers staminate and sterile (pistil imperfect). 



Receptacle chaffy 25-28. 



Systematic Synopsis. 



TEIBE I. VERNONI A.CEJE. Heads discoid ; the flowers all alike, perfect and tubu 

 lar. Branches of the style long and slender, terete, thread-shaped, minutely bristly- 

 hairy all over. Leaves alternate or scattered. 



1. VERNONIA. Heads several - many-flowered, separate. Involucre of many scales. Pap- 



pus of many capillary bristles. 



2. ELEPHANTOPDS. Heads 3-5-flowered, crowded into a compound head. Involucre of 



8 scales. Pappus of several chaffy bristles. 



TEIBB II. EUP ATORIACEJE. Heads discoid, the flowers all alike, perfect and tu- 

 bular ; or in a few cases dissimilar, and the outer ones ligulate. Branches of the style 

 thickened upwards or club-shaped, obtuse, flattish, uniformly minutely pubescent ; the 

 stigmatic lines indistinct. 



Subtribe 1. EuPATORiaas. Flowers all perfect and tubular, never truly yellow. 



* Pappus a row of hard scales. 



8. SCLEROLEPIS. Head many-flowered. Scales of the involucre equal. Leaves whorled. 



* * Pappus of slender bristles. 



4. LIATRIS. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus plumose or barbellate. Corol- 



las red-purple, 5-lobed. 



5. KUHNIA. Achenia many-ribbed. Bristles of the pappus very strongly plumose. Corollas 



whitish, 5-toothed. 



G EUPAT011IUM. Achenia 5-angled. Bristles of the pappus roughish. Scales of the invo- 

 lucre many or several. Receptacle of the flowers flat. 



7 M1KANIA Achenia and pappus as No. 6. Scales of the involucre and flowers only 4. 



8. CONOCLINIUM. Achenia, pappus, &c. as No. 6. Receptacle conical. 



Subtribe 2. TUSSILAQINE.&. Flowers (sometimes yellow) more or less monoacious or dioecious, 



at least of 2 sorts in the same head. 

 * Outer flowers of each (many-flowered) head pistillate and ligulate. Scape leafless. 



9. NARDOSMIA. Heads corymbed. Flowers somewhat dioecious. Pappus capillary. 



10. TUSSILAGO. Head single ; the outer pistillate flowers in many rows. Pappus capillarv. 



* * Flowers all tubular. Stem leafy. 



11. ADENOCAULON. Head few-flowered ; the outer flowers pistillate. Pappus none. 



TRIBE III. ASTEROIDEJE. Heads discoid, with the flowers all alike and tubular ; or 

 radiate, the outer ones ligulate and pistillate. Branches of the styl in the perfect flow 



