COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 185 



* # # Pappus not plumose to the naked eye: corolla smooth inside. 



4. It. scariosa, Willd. Stem stout (2 -5 high), pubescent or hoary ; 

 leaves (smooth, rough, or pubescent) lanceolate ; the lowest oblong-lanceolate or 

 obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole; heads few or many, large, 30 - 40-flowered ; 

 scales of the broad or depressed involucre obovate or spatulate, very numerous, with dry 

 and scarious often colored tips or margins. Dry sandy soil, New England to 

 Wisconsin, and southward. A widely variable species: heads 1' or less in 

 diameter. 



5. Li. pilosa, "Willd. Beset with long scattered hairs ; stem stout; leaves 

 linear or linear-lanceolate, elongated; heads few, 10-15-flowered; scales of the 

 top-shaped or bell-shaped involucre slightly margined, the outer narrowly oblong, very 

 obtuse, the innermost linear. Mountains of Virginia and southward. Rare and 

 obscure. Perhaps a remarkable state of L. spicata ; but the flowers themselves 

 as large as in No. 4. 



6. L. spicata, Willd. Smooth or somewhat hairy; stems very leafy 

 (2 -5 high) ; leaves linear, the lower 3- 5-nerved ; heads 8-12 flowered (J'- 

 ' long), crowded in a long spike ; scales of the cylindrical-bell-shaped involucre 

 oblong or oval, obtuse, appressed, with slight margins ; achenia pubescent or smoothish. 



Moist grounds, common from S. New York southward and westward. 

 Involucre somewhat resinous, very smooth. 



7. It. graminifolia, Willd. Hairy or smoothish ; stem (l-3high) 

 slender, leafy; leaves linear, elongated, 1 -nerved; heads several or numerous, 

 in a spike or raceme, 7-12-flowered; scales of the obconical or obovoid involucre 

 spatulate or oblong, obtuse or somewhat pointed, rigid, appressed ; achenia hairy. 

 Virginia and southward. Inflorescence sometimes panicled, especially in 



Var. <lll1i:i. Scales of the involucre narrower and less rigid, oblong, often ' 

 ciliate. (L. dubia, Barton.) Wet pine ban-ens, New Jersey and southward. 



8. L,. pycnostachya, Michx. Hairy or smoothish: stem stout (3 -5 

 high), very leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate, the upper very narrowly linear; spike 

 very thick and dense (6' -20' long) ; heads about 5-flowered (^' long); scales of the 

 cylindrical involucre oblong or lanceolate, with recurved or Spreading colored tips. 

 Prairies, from Illinois southward and westward. 



$ 2. Stem simple or branched above, not from a tuber : heads small, corymbed or pan- 

 icled, 4 - 10-Jlowered : involucre little imbricated: lobes of the corolla ovate: pappus 

 not plumose. 



9. Li. odoratissima, Willd. (VANILLA-PLANT.) Very smooth; leaves 

 pale, thickish, obovate-spatulate, or the upper oval and clasping ; heads corymbed. 



Low pine barrens, Virginia and southward. Leaves exhaling the odor of 

 Vanilla when bruised. 



10. L-. paiiiciilata, Willd. Viscid-hairy; leaves narrowly oblong or 

 lanceolate, smoothish, those of the stem partly clasping, heads panicled. Vir- 

 ginia and southward. 



, Cass., differs from Liatris in having some chaff among th 

 flowers ; and C. TOMtSNT6sus perhaps grows in S. Virginia. 

 16* 



