COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 189 



Achenia terete. Pappus of soft capillary bristles, longer anc copious in, the 

 fertile flowers. Perennial woolly herbs, with the leaves all from the rootstock, 

 the scape with sheathing scaly bracts, bearing heads of purplish or whitisk 

 fragrant flowers in a corymb. (Name from vapSos, spikenard, and 007*77, odor.) 



1. W. imliiiuta, Hook. Leaves rounded, somewhat kidney-form, white- 

 woolly beneath, palmately and deeply 5 - 7-lobed, the lobes toothed and cut. 

 (Tussilago palmata, Ait. T. frigida, Bigel.) Swamps, Maine and Mass, to 

 Michigan and northward : rare. May. Full-grown leaves 6' - 10 7 broad. 



1O. TUSSIIrfAGO, Tourn. COLTSFOOT. 



Head many-flowered ; the ray-flowers narrowly ligulate, pistillate, fertile, in 

 many rows ; the tubular disk-flowers few, staminate. Scales of the involucre 

 nearly in a single row. Receptacle flat. Fertile achenia cylindrical-oblong. 

 Pappus capillary, copious in the fertile flowers. A low perennial, with hori- 

 zontal creeping rootstocks, sending up scaly simple scapes in early spring,- 

 bearing a single head, and producing rounded-heart-shaped angled or toothed 

 leaves later in the season, woolly when young. Flowers yellow. (Name from 

 tussis, a cough, for which the plant is a reputed remedy.) 



1. T. FARFARA, L. Wet places, and along brooks, northern parts of New 

 England and New York. (Nat. from Eu.) 



11. ADEJVOCAtTLiON, Hook. ADENOCATJLON. 



Heads 5-10-flowered; the flowers all tubular and with similar corollas ; the 

 marginal ones pistillate, fertile ; the others staminate. Scales of the involucre 

 equal, in a single row. Achenia elongated at maturity, club-shaped, beset with 

 stalked glands above. Pappus none. Slender perennials, with the alternate 

 thin and petioled leaves smooth and green above, white woolly beneath, and few 

 small (whitish) heads in a loose panicle, beset with glands (whence the name, 

 from a8r)i>, a gland, and KavXos, a stem). 



1. A. toicolor, Hook. Leaves triangular, rather heart-shaped, with angu- 

 lar-toothed margins ; petioles margined. Moist woods, shore of L. Superior, 

 and northwestward. 



12. SERICO CARPUS, Nees. WHITE-TOPPED ASTER. 



Heads 12-15-flowered, radiate; the rays about 5, fertile (white). Involucre 

 somewhat cylindrical or club-shaped; the scales closely imbricated in several 

 rows, cartilaginous and whitish, appressed, with short and abrupt often spread- 

 ing green tips. Receptacle alveolate-toothed. Achenia short, inversely py- 

 ramidal, very silky. Pappus simple, of numerous capillary bristles. Peren- 

 nial tufted herbs (l-2 high), with sessile somewhat 3-nerved leaves, and 

 small heads mostly in little clusters, disposed in a flat corymb Disk-flowers 

 pale yellow. (Name from o-qptKo?, silky, and Kapvos, fruit.) 



1. S. SOlidagillCUS, Nees. Smooth, slender; leaves linear, rigid, ob- 

 tuse, entire, with rough margins, tapering to the base ; heads narrow (3 lf long), 



