COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 191 



3. A. R:lduln, Ait. Stem simple or corymbose at the summit, smooth, 

 many-leaved (l-3 high) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, pointed, sharply serrate in ths 

 middle, very rough both sides and rugose-veined, closely sessile (2' -3' long), nearly 

 equal ; scales of the bell-shaped involucre oblong, appresscd, with very short and 

 slightly spreading herbaceous tips; achenia smooth. Bogs and low grounds, 

 Delaware to Maine and northward, near the coast. Aug. Kays light violet. 

 Involucre nearly smooth, except the ciliate margins. 



4. A. surculosus, Michx. Stems slender ( - 1 high), from long and 

 slender, or here and there tuberous-thickened, creeping subterranean shoots or suck- 

 ers, roughish-pubescent above, 1-2- or corymbosely several-flowered ; leaves 

 roughish, obscurely toothed, lanceolate or the lower oblong-spatulate ; involucre 

 obconical or bell-shaped ('-' long), the whitish and coriaceous scales with short 

 herbaceous tips, the outer ones shorter ; achenia slightly pubescent. Var. GBlci- 

 LIS (A. gracilis, Nutt.) is a form with the scales of the narrower obconical invo- 

 lucre successively shorter and with very short and scarcely spreading green tips, 

 resembling a Sericocarpus. Moist grounds, pine barrens of New Jersey and 

 southward. Sept. Rays about 12, violet, ' long. Perhaps runs into the 

 next. 



5. A. SpectdMliS, Ait. Stems (l-2 high) minutely rough and glan- 

 dular-pubescent at the summit ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, roughish, obscurely toothed, 

 tapering to tfie base; scales of the short and almost hemispherical involucre linear- 

 oblong, with conspicuous spatulate glandular-downy tips, the outermost scarcely shorter ; 

 achenia slightly pubescent. Sandy soil, Massachusetts to New Jersey, near 

 the coast, and southward. Sept. -Nov. One of the handsomest of the genus, 

 though the heads are few. The rays, about 20, are narrowly lanceolate, nearly 

 1' long, very deep violet-blue. Involucre ' long and wide. 



3. ASTER PROPER. Scales of the involucre imbricated in various degrees, with 

 herbaceous or leaf -like summits, or the outer ones entirely foliaceous : rays numerous: 

 pappus soft and nearly uniform : achenia flattened. (All flowering late in sum- 

 mer or in autumn.) 



* Leaves silvery-silky both sides, all sessile and entire, mucronulate : involucre imbri- 

 cated in 3 to several rows : rays showy, purple-violet. 



6. A serlceilS, Vent. Stems slender, branched ; leaves lanceolate or 

 oblong ; heads mostly solitary, terminating the short silvery branchlets ; scales of 

 the globular involucre similar to the leaves, spreading, except the short coriaceous 

 base, silvery ; achenia smooth, many-ribbed. Prairies and dry banks, Wisconsin 

 to Kentucky and southward. An elegant silvery species ; the large heads with 

 20 - 30 rays of ' or more in length. 



7. A c6ncolor, L. Stems wand-like, nearly simple; leaves crowded, ob- 

 long or lanceolate, appressed, the upper reduced to little bracts ; heads in a simple or 

 compound wand-like raceme; scales of the obovoid involucre closely imbricated in 

 several rows, appressed, rather rigid, silky, lanceolate achenia silky. Dry sandy 

 soil, pine barrens of New Jersey and southward. A handsome plant, l-3* 

 high, with the short leaves 1' or less in length, grayish-silky and of the same 

 hue both sides. Rays bright violet-purple. 



