192 COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 



* # Lower leaves not heart-shaped ; the upper all sessile and more or less clasping by 

 a heart-shaped or auricled base -' heads showy : scales of the inversely conical or bell- 

 shaped involucre regularly imbricated in several rows, the outer successively shorter, 

 oppressed, coriaceous, whitish, with short herbaceous tips : rays large, purple or blue. 



8. A patens, Ait. Rough-pubescent; stem loosely panicled above (1- 3 

 high), with widely spreading branches, the heads mostly solitary, terminating 

 the slender branchlets ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong, often contracted 

 below the middle, all clasping by a deep auricled-heart-shaped base, rough, especially 

 above and on the margins, entire ; scales of the minutely roughish involucre 

 with spreading pointed tips; achenia silky. Var. pHLOGiF6Lius is a form 

 which the plant assumes in shady moist places, with larger and elongated thin 

 scarcely rough leaves, downy underneath, sometimes a little toothed above, 

 mostly much contracted below the middle. Dry ground, common, especially 

 southward. Heads ' broad, and with showy deep blue-purple rays. 



9. A. IseviS, L. Very smooth throughout; heads in a close panicle ; leaver 

 thickish, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, chiefly entire, the upper more or less 

 clasping by an auricled or heart-shaped base ; scales of the short-obovoid or hemi 

 spherical involucre with appressed green points ; rays sky-blue ; achenia smooth. A 

 variable species, of which the two best-marked forms are : 



Var. laevigatus. Scarcely if at all glaucous ; leaves lanceolate or ob 

 long ; involucre nearly hemispherical ; the scales lanceolate or linear, with nar 

 row and acute green tips tapering down on the midnerve. (A. lams, L. A. 

 laevigatus, Willd.} Dry woodlands ; rather common. 



Var. cy aliens. Very smooth, but pale or glaucous ; leaves thicker ; the 

 upper often oblong or ovate-lanceolate, clasping by a heart-shaped base ; invo 

 lucre narrowed at the base, of broader and more coriaceous scales with shorter 

 and abrupt tips. (A. cyaneus, Hoffm., frc.) Border of woodlands ; common, 

 especially northward. A very elegant species, with showy flowers. 



10. A. tlirbinellllS, Lindl. Very smooth ; stem slender, paniculately 

 branched ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to each end, entire, with rough margins ; in 

 volucre elongated-obconical or almost club-shaped (' long) ; the scales linear, with 

 very short and blunt green tips \ rays violet-blue ; achenia nearly smooth. Riv- 

 er-banks, Illinois and southwestward. 



* * # Lower leaves all heart-shaped and petioled, the upper sessile or pelioled: invo 

 lucre imbricated much as in the last division, but the heads smaller, very nwnerous, 

 racemose or panicled. 



*- Leaves entire or slightly serrate : heads middle-sized : rays bright-blue. 



11. A. aziireus, Lindl. Stem rather rough, erect, racemose-compound 

 at the summit, the branches slender and rigid ; leaves rough ; the lower ovate-lance 

 olate or oblong, heart-shaped, on long often hairy petioles ; the others lanceolate or lin 

 ear, sessile, on the branches awl-shaped; involucre inversely conical. Copses 

 and prairies, Ohio to Wisconsin and southward. A handsome species; the in- 

 volucre much as in No. 9, but much smaller, and slightly pubescent ; the rays 

 bright blue. 



12. A. Sliortii, Boott. Stem slender, spreading, nearly smooth, bearing 

 very numerous heads in racemose panicles ; leaves smooth above, minut 



