COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 213 



which is either glabrous, glandular, or glandular hairy, the prickles longer, and 

 the beaks often incurved. (X. Canadense, Mill., &c.) River-banks, &c., com- 

 mon westward ; apparently indigenous. And this passes into 



Var. ecllinatum. (X. echinatum, Murr., &c.) Fruit turgid (!' long), 

 thickly clothed with long prickles, glandular-hispid, the beaks commonly in- 

 curved. Sandy sea-shore, and along the Great Lakes and rivers. Perhaps an 

 immigrant from farther south. Now scattered over the warm parts of the world. 



2. X. spinosum, L. (THORNY CLOTBUR.) Hoary-pubescent; stems 

 slender, with slender yellow 3-parted spines at the base of the lanceolate or ovate- 

 lanceolate leaves ; these taper into a short petiole, are white-downy beneath, often 

 2 - 3-lobed or cut ; fruit ( J' long) pointed with a single short beak. "Waste places 

 on the sea-board. Sept. -Nov. (Nat. from Trop. Amer. ?) 



32. TETRAGONOTHECA, Dill. TETRAGONOTHECA. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays 6-9, fertile. Involucre double ; the 

 outer of 4 large and leafy ovate scales, which are united below by their margins 

 into a 4-angled or winged cup ; the inner of as many small and chaffy scales as 

 there are ray-flowers, and partly clasping their achenia. Receptacle convex or 

 conical, with narrow and membranaceous chaff between the flowers. Achenia 

 roundish and obovoid, flat at the top. Pappus none. An erect perennial herb, 

 viscidly hairy when young, with opposite and coarsely toothed oval or oblong 

 leaves, their sessile bases sometimes connate, and large single heads of pale 

 yellow flowers, on terminal peduncles. (Name compounded of Tfrpdyavos, 

 four-angled, and 6i]K.r], a case, from the shape of the involucre.) 



1. X. lieliailthoides, L. Sandy soil, Virginia and southward. June. 



33. ECL.IPTA, L. ECLIPTA. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the rays short, fertile ; the disk-flowers per 

 feet, 4-toothed. Scales of the involucre 10-12, in 2 rows, leaf-like, ovate-lan- 

 ceolate. Receptacle flat, with almost bristle-form chaff between the flowers. 

 Achenia short, 3-4-sided, or in the disk laterally flattened, roughened on the 

 sides, hairy at the summit; the pappus none, or an obscure denticulate crown. 

 Annual or biennial rough herbs, with slender stems and opposite lanceolate or 

 oblong leaves. Heads solitary, small. Flowers whitish : anthers brown. (Name 

 from cJcXetTro, to be deficient, alluding to the absence of pappus.) 



1. E. procuilibCllS, Michx. Rough with close appressed hairs ; stems 

 procumbent, creeping, or ascending; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute at each 

 end, sessile, slightly serrate; peduncles many times longer than the head. 

 Var. BRACHYPODA has the peduncles not more than twice the length of the 

 heads. Wet river-banks, Penn. to Illinois, and southward. June - Oct. 



34. BORRICIf IA, Adans. SEA OX-EYE. 



Heads many-flowered, radiate; the rays fertile. Scales of the hemispherical 

 involucre imbricated. Receptacle flat, covered with lanceolate rigid anil per- 

 sistent chaff. Achenia somewhat wedge-shaped, 3 - 4-angled. Pappus a short 



