COMPOSITE. (COMPOSITE FAMILY.) 217 



ou naked peduncles ; scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, pointed, ciliate. 

 Dry open places, Ohio to Illinois, and southward. Leaves almost as thick as 

 in No. 3. Rays showy, l'-2' long. 



5. H. occidentiilis, Riddell. Somewhat hairy; stem slender, simpk, 

 naked above (l-3 high, and sending out runners from the base), bearing 1-5 

 small heads on long peduncles ; lowest leaves oval or lanceolate-ovate, 3-nerved, 

 obscurely serrate, roughish-pubescent beneath, abruptly contracted into long hairy peti- 

 oles; the upper small and remote (all opposite), entire; scales of the involucre 

 oval-lanceolate, pointed, ciliate. Dry barrens, Ohio to Wisconsin, Kentucky, 

 and southward. 



6. H. ciiier cus, var. Sullivaiitii, Torr. & Gr. Gray with a close 

 Toughish pubescence ; stem branching above, hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, sessile by a 

 nan-owed base, acute, obscurely serrate ; the upper small and remote ; peduncles 

 slender; scales of the involucre lanceolate, hoary. Darby Plains, Ohio, Sutti- 

 vant. Stem 2 - 3 high, bearing few heads as large as those of the next. 



7. H. HioIIis, Lam. Stem clothed with soft white hairs, simple, leafy to 

 the top (2 -4 high); leaves ovate, with a broad heart-shaped and clasping base, 

 pointed, nearly entire, hoary above, very soft white-woolly and reticulated under- 

 neath ; scales of the involucre lanceolate, downy. Barrens and prairies, Ohio 

 to Illinois, and westward. 



* * * Heads small : scales of the involucre few, shorter than the yellow disk, irregu- 

 larly imbricated, appressed, the outer with spreading foliaceous pointed tips : rays 

 5 - 8 : leaves all but tlie uppermost opposite. 



8. H. microcephalus, Torr. & Gr. Stem smooth (3 -8 high), with 

 numerous slender branches above ; leaves thin, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, some- 

 what serrate, veiny, petioled, rough above, downy or hairy underneath ; pedun- 

 cles slender, rough ; scales of the involucre ovate and ovate-lanceolate, ciliate. 

 Thickets, W. Penn. to Illinois, and southward. Heads \' broad, the rays 

 nearly 1' long. 



9. H. Iwvitfsitiis, Torr. & Gr. Stem slender (l-4 high), simple or 

 sparingly branched, vety smooth and glabrous throughout, as well as the slightly 

 serrate lanceolate leaves. Dry soil, Alleghany Mountains, west of the Warm 

 Springs of Virginia, and southward. 



* * * * Heads middle-sized or large : scales of the involucre irregularly imbricated, 



loose, with spreading foliaceous tips, as long as the yellow disk or longer. 

 -r- Leaves chiefly alternate or scattered, feather-veined, sometimes obscurely triple-ribbed. 



10. H. Tig;illteilS, L. Stem hairy or rough (3 -10 high), branched 

 above ; leaves lanceolate, pointed, serrate, very rough above, rough-hairy beneath, 

 narrowed and ciliate at the base, but nearly sessile ; scales of the involucre long, 

 linear-lanceolate, pointed, hairy, or strongly ciliate. Var. AMB^GUUS has most 

 of the leaves opposite and closely sessile by an obtuse base, and approaches No. 

 13. Low thickets and swamps; common. Heads somewhat corymbed : the 

 pale yellow rays 15-20. 



11. H. grosse-serratllS, Martens. &em smooth and glaucous, at least 

 below (5 -10 high); leaves elongated-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, taper- 



