EUPHORB1AC E^E. (SPURGE FAMILY.) 387 



mostly with a brown-purple spot in the centre ; peduncles equalling the petioles, 

 crowded in lateral clusters; glands of the involucre minute, with a petal-like 

 somewhat crenate margin ; pod acutely angled, pubcrulent ; seeds ovate, ash-colored 

 (| /( long), sharply 4-angled, and with about 4 grooves across each of the con- 

 cave sides. (E. thymifolia, Pursh. E. depressa, Ton.) Gravelly open places, 

 everywhere. 



6. E. liypericifolia, L. (LARGER SPOTTED SPURGE.) Ascending or 

 erect (1 -2 high) ; leaves oblique at the obtuse or slightly cordate base, ovate- 

 oblong or oblong-linear, serrate (|'-l'long), often with a red spot or red 

 margins ; peduncles longer than the petioles, collected in loose leafy cymes at the sum- 

 mit of the branches ; appendages of the involucre small, round, and entire ; pod 

 glabrous, obtusely angled; seeds obtusely angled, wrinkled and tubercled (^" long 

 or nearly), blackish. Rich soil in open places ; very common. 



$ 2. Leaves destitute of stipules, all opposite: involucres solitary and ped uncled, in the 

 forks of t/ie stem : root perennial. (Oppositifolise.) 



7. E. Ipecacuanha^, L. (WILD IPECAC.) Stems many from a very 

 long perpendicular root, erect or diffusely spreading (5'- 10' long), forking from 

 near the base ; leaves varying from obovate or oblong to narrowly linear, entire, 

 almost sessile, glabrous ; peduncles elongated (J'-l' long) ; glands of the invo- 

 lucre 5, equal, not appendaged; pod long-pedicelled, obtusely angled, nearly 

 smooth; seeds ovate, flattened, white, marked with impressed dots. Sandy 

 soil, near the coast, New York to Virginia, and southward. May- July. 



$ 3. Leaves destitute of stipules, alternate or opposite : involucres all crowded in a 

 terminal cluster, bearing a few cup-shaped glands : root annual. (Cyathophorae.) 



8. E. dentil til, Michx. Erect or ascending, hairy (1 high) ; leaves al- 

 ternate or opposite, ovate, lanceolate or linear, petioled, coarsely toothed ( 1 ' - 2' 

 long) ; involucres almost sessile, with 5 ovate laciniate lobes and a stalked gland, 

 and sometimes with 2 or 3 ; seeds globular, tubercled. Rich soil, Ohio to 

 Illinois and southward. July, Aug. 



9. E. cyathopliora, Jacq. Ascending or erect (l-3high), gla- 

 brous ; leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-Jiddle-shaped and sinuate-toothed, or lanceo- 

 late, or linear and entire : involucres about the length of the peduncle, with 5 ovate 

 incised lobes and a single sessile gland ; seeds globular, tubercled. W. Illi- 

 nois and southward. July. Upper leaves mostly with red margins or base. 



4. Leaves destitute of stipules, alternate or scattered up to where the flowering begins, 

 the floral ones opposite or whorled, all commonly sessile : stem erect : flowering 

 branches umbdlately forked : involucres in tlie forks and terminal. (Umbellatee.) 

 * Glands of the involucre 5, entire, with (white) petal-like appendages : perennial. 



10. E. corollf&ta, L. (FLOWERING SPURGE.) Glabrous or sometimes 

 sparingly hairy (2 -3 high) ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, or linear, entire, obtuse ; 

 umbel 5- (3-7-) forked, and the forks again 2-3- (rarely 5-) forked ; involucres 

 long-peduncled ; pods slender-pedicelled, smooth ; seeds globular, slightly tuber- 

 cled. Rich or sandy soil, W. New York and New Jersey to Wisconsin and 

 southward. Jam- -Aug. Conspicuous for the showy false lobes of the invo- 

 lucre, which appear like 5 white petals, the true lobes minute and incurved, 



